Articles with the keyword: 
Stem cells: A new pathway for stem cell aging and renewal
sea-maid submitted, created time 2 weeks 3 days (www.nature.com)
Stem cells have the potential for self-renewal and are therefore able to persist throughout life in a diverse range of tissues. However, their self-renewing capacity declines with age. What mechanisms are responsible for the differences between young and aging stem cells? The discovery of a novel pathway involving high-mobility group A2 (HMGA2), INK4A and ARF has recently provided exciting new insights. 
Radiotherapy: Worming your way to cell death
sea-maid submitted, created time 3 weeks 6 days (www.nature.com)
The mechanisms underlying radiation-induced cell death remain somewhat controversial. One suggestion is that ceramide functions as a crucial transducer of apoptosis after exposure to ionizing radiation. However, until now, evidence for a direct link between ceramide synthesis and apoptosis pathways has been lacking. Xinzhu Deng and colleagues now clarify this relationship
Mitochondrial p32 Is a Critical Mediator of ARF-Induced Apoptosis
kavin submitted, created time 4 months 4 weeks (www.cancercell.org)
The shared exon 2 of the p14ARF-p16INK4a locus is frequently mutated in human cancers. However, in contrast to the exon 1β-encoded N-terminal half of ARF, the function of the exon 2-encoded C-terminal half of ARF has been elusive. The authors report that the mitochondrial protein p32/C1QBP binds the ARF C terminus. They show that p32 is required for ARF to localize to mitochondria and induce apoptosis, and that ARF mutations specifically disrupting p32 binding can impair both of these functions
ETosis: A Novel Cell Death Pathway
jerry submitted, created time 5 months 2 weeks (stke.sciencemag.org)
The formation of extracellular traps (ETs) by neutrophils and mast cells is an important mechanism in the innate immune response. These structures consist of a chromatin-DNA backbone with attached antimicrobial peptides and enzymes that trap and kill microbes. After stimulation of neutrophils and mast cells with phorbol esters, chemoattractant peptides, or chemokines, the generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS), such as hydrogen peroxide, by NAPDH oxidase initiates a signaling cascade that leads to the disintegration of the nuclear and cellular membranes and the formation of ETs
Apoptosis: Killing neutrophils the cathepsin way
davidd submitted, created time 6 months 3 weeks (www.signaling-gateway.org)
Cathepsin D directly cleaves and activates caspase-8 at the beginning of a pro-apoptotic pathway in neutrophils, showing how apoptosis can be activated in the absence of death-receptor ligation.
Apoptosis in the development of the immune system
davidd submitted, created time 10 months 5 days (www.nature.com)
During differentiation, apoptosis ensures that lymphocytes express functional antigen receptors and is essential for eliminating lymphocytes with dangerous self-reactive specificities. Many of these critical cell death checkpoints during immune development are regulated by the BCL-2 family of proteins, which is comprised of both pro- and antiapoptotic members, and members of the tumor necrosis factor death receptor family. This review will describe how apoptosis regulates these critical control points during immune development.
A Nonapoptotic Cell Death Process, Entosis, that Occurs by Cell-in-Cell Invasion
dedu submitted, created time 11 months 2 weeks (www.cell.com)
“Epithelial cells require attachment to extracellular matrix (ECM) to suppress an apoptotic cell death program termed anoikis. Michael et al. describe a nonapoptotic cell death program in matrix-detached cells that is initiated by a previously unrecognized and unusual process involving the invasion of one cell into another, leading to a transient state in which a live cell is contained within a neighboring host cell. Live internalized cells are either degraded by lysosomal enzymes or released
New Form of Cell Death Discovered
Eric wu submitted, created time 11 months 2 weeks (sciencenow.sciencemag.org)
Scientists have discovered a novel form of cell death in which cells crawl inside other cells to die. The process, dubbed entosis, may be a method of suppressing tumors, the researchers say, but others aren't so sure.
Caspase-1 inflammasomes: choosing between death and taxis
moonshine submitted, created time 1 year 2 months (www.nature.com)
Among the arsenal of the innate immune system are the Nod-like receptors (NLRs), which detect intracellular pathogens or other 'alarms' and participate in the formation of the inflammasome, an oligomeric platform that dimerizes and thereby activates caspase-1. The caspase, in turn, processes pro-IL1 and pro-IL18, key cytokines for the recruitment and engagement of inflammatory cells (hence, 'taxis'). But the activation of caspase-1 can also trigger a form of cell death with characteristics of necrosis and apoptosis that has been called 'pyroptosis'
ealnemri submitted, created time 1 year 2 months (www.nature.com)
This article describes the discovery and characterization of the pyroptosome. The pyroptosome mediates an inflammatory form of cell death called pyroptosis through activation of caspase-1. The pyroptosome is composed of oligomerized dimers of the adaptor protein ASC. The pyroptosome is assembled in macrophages, monocytes and perhaps other cell types containing ASC in response to stimulation with intracellular potassium-depleting agents.
TNF-Induced Activation of the Nox1 NADPH Oxidase's Role in the Induction of Necrotic Cell Death
Reviver submitted, created time 1 year 5 months (www.molecule.org)
"Tumor necrosis factor (TNF) is an important cytokine in immunity and inflammation and induces many cellular responses, including apoptosis and necrosis. TNF signaling enables the generation of superoxide in phagocytic and vascular cells through the activation of the NADPH oxidase Nox2/gp91. Here researchers show that TNF also activates the Nox1 NADPH oxidase in mouse fibroblasts when cells undergo necrosis. TNF treatment induces the formation of a signaling complex containing TRADD, RIP1, Nox1, and the small GTPase Rac1
athena submitted, created time 1 year 6 months (www.jcb.org)
"Dynamin-related protein 1 (DRP1) plays an important role in mitochondrial fission at steady state and during apoptosis. Using fluorescence recovery after photobleaching, we demonstrate that in healthy cells, yellow fluorescent protein (YFP)–DRP1 recycles between the cytoplasm and mitochondria with a half-time of 50 s. Strikingly, during apoptotic cell death, YFP-DRP1 undergoes a transition from rapid recycling to stable membrane association. The rapid cycling phase that characterizes the early stages of apoptosis is independent of Bax/Bak."
The anticancer drug imatinib induces cellular autophagy
amanda submitted, created time 1 year 6 months (www.nature.com)
"The tyrosine kinase inhibitor imatinib (Gleevec, Novartis Pharmaceuticals Corporation; Basel, Switzerland) is a powerful drug for treatment of chronic myelogenous leukemia (CML) and other malignancies. It selectively targets various tyrosine kinases, thereby leading to growth arrest of respective cancer cells. Given its wide application, it is of high importance to know all related underlying molecular mechanisms. "
Damaged Motor Neurons In ALS Contribute To Their Own Death
dovechocolate submitted, created time 1 year 6 months (www.sciencedaily.com)
Researchers from The Ludwig Institute and the University of California, San Diego (UCSD) School of Medicine have discovered that when motor neurons damaged by amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), or Lou Gehrig's disease, inappropriately send the wrong signal, immune cells react by killing the messenger. Their surprising finding provides new direction for therapies to treat ALS.
Cell Death In Leukemia Induced By Massey Researchers
Dolly submitted, created time 1 year 6 months (www.medicalnewstoday.com)
Researchers from the Virginia Commonwealth University Massey Cancer Center have presented preclinical research suggesting the potential of a new combination treatment for chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL).
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