Articles with the keyword: 
sea-maid submitted, created time 1 month 3 weeks (www.jcb.org)
Active genes can be sociable, snuggling up to one another. Brown et al. offer a new explanation for this clustering, suggesting that genes gather for the services of RNA splicing enzymes
A gene's location in the nucleus often reflects its activity. Hard-working genes tend to congregate in the interior of the nucleus, whereas their lazier counterparts hang out at the edge. Moreover, active genes on different chromosomes sometimes bunch up. How often active genes come together is uncertain 
sea-maid submitted, created time 5 months 4 weeks (www.jcb.org)
Earnshaw's group was hoping to crack a different question: how the cell's chromatin condenses during mitosis. In order to find the answer, they allowed researchers to create synchronized systems to study how protein-slicing enzymes such as the caspases orchestrate apoptosis.
davis submitted, created time 1 year 2 months (www.pnas.org)
During mitosis in higher eukaryotic cells, transcription is silenced and transcription complexes are absent from promoters in the condensed chromosomes; however, epigenetic information concerning the pattern of expressed and silent genes must be preserved.
Heritability of alternative splicing in the human genome
angelfish submitted, created time 1 year 3 months (www.genome.org)
"Here researchers used pyrosequencing to map 40,569 unique sites of HIV integration. Computational prediction of nucleosome positions in target DNA indicated that integration sites are periodically distributed on the nucleosome surface, consistent with favored integration into outward-facing DNA major grooves in chromatin. Analysis of integration site positions in the densely annotated ENCODE regions revealed a wealth of new associations between integration frequency and genomic features."
sumsung submitted, created time 1 year 4 months (www.pnas.org)
The structural and functional analyses of heterochromatin are essential to understanding how heterochromatic genes are regulated and how centromeric chromatin is formed. Because the repetitive nature of heterochromatin hampers its genome analysis, new approaches need to be developed.
New method for reading DNA sheds light on basis of cell identity
BIOBOSS submitted, created time 1 year 4 months (www.eurekalert.org)
By using a new kind of genomic technology, a new study unveils a special code -- not within DNA, but within the so-called "chromatin" proteins surrounding it -- that could unlock the mysterious developmental choices made by mammalian cells, allowing them to assume roles as diverse as liver cells and neurons.
bioman submitted, created time 1 year 5 months (www.pnas.org)
the mechanisms involved in HCF-1-dependent transcriptional stimulation were undefined. By using a minimal HCF-1-dependent promoter and a model activator, the varicella zoster IE62 protein, it was determined that HCF-1 was not required for the assembly of the RNAPII basal complex, which depended solely on IE62 in conjunction with the cellular factor Sp1. These studies also contribute to the model whereby the induced nuclear transport of HCF-1 in sensory neurons may be critical to the reactivation of latent herpesviruses by promoting the activation of chromatin modifications.
Structural basis of the recognition of a methylated histone tail by JMJD2A
addict submitted, created time 1 year 5 months (www.pnas.org)
Here we present structures of the JMJD2A catalytic core complexed with methylated H3K36 peptide substrates in the presence of Fe(II) and N-oxalylglycine. We found that the interaction between JMJD2A and peptides largely involves the main chains of the enzyme and the peptide. The peptide-binding specificity is primarily determined by the primary structure of the peptide, which explains the specificity of JMJD2A for methylated H3K9 and H3K36 instead of other methylated residues such as H3K27
The Nucleosome Assembly Activity of NAP1 Is Enhanced by Alien
badboy submitted, created time 1 year 6 months (mcb.asm.org)
"The assembly of nucleosomes into chromatin is essential for the compaction of DNA and inactivation of the DNA template to modulate and repress gene expression. The nucleosome assembly protein 1, NAP1, assembles nucleosomes independent of DNA synthesis and was shown to enhance coactivator-mediated gene expression, suggesting a role for NAP1 in transcriptional regulation."
alpha submitted, created time 1 year 7 months (www.genesdev.org)
"In humans, there are at least seven Sir2-like proteins (SirT1–7) with diverse functions, including the regulation of chromatin structure, and metabolism. SirT3 levels have been shown to correlate with extended life span, to localize to the mitochondria, and to be highly expressed in brown adipose tissue. In humans, SirT3 exists in two forms, a full-length protein of 44 kDa and a processed polypeptide lacking 142 amino acids at its N terminus. We found that SirT3 not only localizes to the mitochondria, but also to the nucleus under normal cell growth conditions
HOXA10 Controls Osteoblastogenesis by Directly Activating Bone Regulatory and Phenotypic Genes
alpha submitted, created time 1 year 7 months (mcb.asm.org)
"HOXA10 is necessary for embryonic patterning of skeletal elements, but its function in bone formation beyond this early developmental stage is unknown."
Ikaros and chromatin regulation in early hematopoiesis
athena submitted, created time 1 year 7 months (www.sciencedirect.com)
"Hematopoiesis is the developmental process by which all blood and immune cells are generated. A decade-old scheme has supported an early and complete separation of the erythro-myeloid from the lymphoid lineages. Recent advances have re-drawn this map, separating lymphoid and myeloid from erythroid programs early in development. Subsequently, the fate restriction of both the lympho-myeloid and the erythro-megakaryocyte progenitors is dependent on Ikaros and its associated chromatin regulators
Global patterns of histone modifications
athena submitted, created time 1 year 7 months (www.sciencedirect.com)
"Histones, the proteins that package eukaryotic genomes into chromatin, are subject to a huge number and variety of covalent modifications. In the past few years, genomic technologies such as microarray hybridization have been applied to the study of histone modifications. These studies shed significant light on the role of covalent modifications in DNA-templated processes. Different histone modifications exhibit distinctive patterns over underlying genomic elements, and these localization patterns reflect the regulatory functions of the relevant modifications."
Transcriptional regulation by chromatin disassembly and reassembly
athena submitted, created time 1 year 7 months (www.sciencedirect.com)
"The packaging of the eukaryotic genome into chromatin severely restricts the access of the transcriptional machinery to the DNA. Recent studies reveal that histones are removed and replaced to enable or restrict, respectively, access of the transcription machinery to regulate transcription. Chromatin disassembly at promoters enables transcriptional activation, whereas promoter chromatin reassembly represses transcription."
Signaling to the circadian clock: plasticity by chromatin remodeling
amanda submitted, created time 1 year 7 months (www.sciencedirect.com)
"How signaling influences chromatin remodeling through histone modifications is therefore highly relevant in the context of circadian oscillation. Recent advances in the field have revealed unexpected links between circadian regulators, chromatin remodeling and cellular metabolism. "
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