Articles with the keyword: 
Light Triggers New Code for Brain Cells
piggy submitted, created time 2 weeks 3 days (www.sciencedaily.com)
Brain cells can adopt a new chemical code in response to cues from the outside world, scientists working with tadpoles at the University of California, San Diego report in the journal Nature.
The discovery opens the possibility that brain chemistry could be selectively altered by stimulating specific circuits to remedy low levels of neural chemicals that underlie some human ailments.
Dark tadpoles don pale camouflage when exposed to bright light 
FDA Approves First Drug for Treatment of Chorea in Huntington’s Disease
kavin submitted, created time 3 months 2 weeks (www.fda.gov)
The U.S. Food and Drug Administration has approved Xenazine (tetrabenazine) for the treatment of chorea in people with Huntington’s disease. Chorea is the jerky, involuntary movement that occurs in people with this disease.
Xenazine is a new drug and is the first treatment of any kind approved in the United States for any symptom of Huntington’s disease. Currently there are no other drugs that are FDA-approved to treat chorea.
Serious side effects reported with use of Xenazine include depression and suicidal thoughts and actions
Computational Systems Analysis of Dopamine Metabolism
jerry submitted, created time 4 months 3 weeks (www.plosone.org)
A prominent feature of Parkinson's disease (PD) is the loss of dopamine in the striatum, and many therapeutic interventions for the disease are aimed at restoring dopamine signaling. Dopamine signaling includes the synthesis, storage, release, and recycling of dopamine in the presynaptic terminal and activation of pre- and post-synaptic receptors and various downstream signaling cascades
Sex and Drugs and Singing Mice
Vincent submitted, created time 7 months 3 weeks (sciencenow.sciencemag.org)
Mice can whistle and chirp like birds--and researchers now say their songs seem to be happy ones. New experiments associate the rodents' ultrasonic chatter with the brain's dopamine-based reward system, and investigators hope that studying the songs may eventually point toward genes behind human emotional disorders such as schizophrenia and autism.
Cheap drugs against aggression don't work
jane2007 submitted, created time 10 months 3 weeks (www.nature.com)
Scientists have discovered that taking a sugar pill is more effective than routine medications in treating aggression in people with intellectual disabilities.
Now I can understand why my mother give me cheap pills when I was ill, she always told me that cheap pills' side effect was weaker. But your doctor might suggest you take expensive drugs.
How We Learn from Our Mistakes
Eric wu submitted, created time 11 months 3 weeks (www.time.com)
Everyone can learn from their mistakes — but some people have genes that may make it harder. That's the message from German researchers, writing in tomorrow's issue of the journal Science, who have shown how a common gene variant affects some people's ability to respond to, and learn from, the negative repercussions of their actions.
The gene that makes us once bitten, twice shy
jane2007 submitted, created time 11 months 3 weeks (www.nature.com)
Most people tend to learn from their mistakes and avoid making the same blunder twice. Now research reveals a genetic mutation that helps to determine the extent to which certain people are doomed to repeat history.
Food Restriction Increases Dopamine Receptor Levels in Obese Rats
Siegfried submitted, created time 1 year 4 weeks (www.bnl.gov)
A brain-imaging study of genetically obese rats conducted at the U.S. Department of Energy's Brookhaven National Laboratory provides more evidence that dopamine - a brain chemical associated with reward, pleasure, movement, and motivation - plays a role in obesity. The scientists found that genetically obese rats had lower levels of dopamine D2 receptors than lean rats. They also demonstrated that restricting food intake can increase the number of D2 receptors, partially attenuating a normal decline associated with aging.
annatto submitted, created time 1 year 4 months (www.jneurosci.org)
"Interaction between the entorhinal cortex (EC) and basolateral amygdala (BLA) may be a fundamental component in the consolidation of many forms of affective memory, such as inhibitory avoidance. Dopamine (DA) in the EC is necessary for, and may facilitate, this form of learning. This effect of DA on affective behaviors may be accomplished in part through modulation of amygdala inputs. Although it is known that DA can modulate neuronal activity in the EC, it is not known whether DA modulates inputs from the BLA
Targeting exocytosis: ins and outs of the modulation of quantal dopamine release
NeuroTX submitted, created time 1 year 4 months (www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov)
Extensive review on the modulation of vesicular dopamine release, mainly based on amperometric recordings. Deals with many aspects of the vesicle cycle and the dopamine cycle. Though the article is not freely available, the author appears willing to send a pdf-copy upon request.
"Dopaminergic neurotransmission is mediated by the vesicular release of dopamine (DA), i.e. DA exocytosis. DA exocytosis and its modulation are generally believed to affect neuronal communication, development, maintenance and survival, and contribute to extracellular DA levels in the brain
addict submitted, created time 1 year 5 months (www.pnas.org)
Stem cells have been widely assumed to be capable of replacing lost or damaged cells in a number of diseases, including Parkinson's disease (PD), in which neurons of the substantia nigra (SN) die and fail to provide the neurotransmitter, dopamine (DA), to the striatum
DanyC submitted, created time 1 year 5 months (www.jneurosci.org)
"Here, Researchers report that in animals subjected to an intrastriatal 6-hydroxydopamine lesion of the striatal dopaminergic afferent, the integrity of the host dopaminergic innervation outside the areas innervated by the graft is critical for optimal function of DA neurons placed in the striatum. Established graft-induced functional recovery, as assessed in the stepping and cylinder tests, was compromised in animals in which the dopaminergic lesion was extended to include also the medial and ventral striatum as well as the cortical and limbic DA projections
Gene-gene interaction associated with neural reward sensitivity
addict submitted, created time 1 year 6 months (www.pnas.org)
Reward processing depends on dopaminergic neurotransmission and is modulated by factors affecting dopamine (DA) reuptake and degradation. We used fMRI and a guessing task sensitive to reward-related activation in the prefrontal cortex and ventral striatum to study how individual variation in genes contributing to DA reuptake [DA transporter (DAT)] and degradation [catechol-o-methyltransferase (COMT)] influences reward processing.
badboy submitted, created time 1 year 7 months (ajp.psychiatryonline.org)
"Dopamine is an important mediator of the reinforcing effects of cocaine, and alterations in dopamine function might be involved in cocaine dependence. The goals of the present study were to characterize pre- and postsynaptic dopamine function in recently detoxified cocaine-dependent subjects. Specifically, dopamine response to an acute amphetamine challenge was assessed in striatal subregions in cocaine-dependent and healthy comparison participants using positron emission tomography (PET)
A Rational Bridge between Genetics and the Symptoms of Mental Illness
claudia submitted, created time 1 year 7 months (cercor.oxfordjournals.org)
Both dopamine (DA) and norepinephrine (NE) have powerful, inverted U influences on prefrontal cortical (PFC) cognitive function. Common mental illnesses are associated with extracellular changes in these pathways: Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder is linked to genetic changes that reduce catecholamine transmission to suboptimal levels and is treated with agents that increase catecholamine transmission, whereas Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD) is associated with amplified noradrenergic transmission that impairs PFC but strengthens amygdala function
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angelfish
Darkfrog
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