Articles with the keyword: 
A natural reprogramming system
sea-maid submitted, created time 3 months 6 days (www.nature.com)
In fruit flies--and presumably other pupating insects--specialized cells revert to multipotency as the larva prepares to transform into an adult. We had thought that the differentiated larval cells simply died during this process, and many of them do, but it does seem that some can regain some pluripotency.
The way they figured this out is particularly vivid. By modifying the cells in the larvae's tracheae to glow green, researchers were able to track their destinations and daughter cells.
We already knew that some human cells were able to perform similar feats 
MOF is a Key Regulator of Dosage Compensation and Gene Expression in Drosophila
kavin submitted, created time 5 months 4 weeks (www.cell.com)
Here the researchers report that the histone H4 lysine 16 (H4K16) specific histone acetyltransferase MOF displays differential binding behavior depending on whether the target gene is located on the X chromosome versus the autosomes. In conclusion, MOF is not only involved in the onset of dosage compensation, but also acts as a regulator of gene expression in the Drosophila genome.
An endogenous small interfering RNA pathway in Drosophila
kavin submitted, created time 6 months 3 weeks (www.nature.com)
Endogenous small RNAs of Drosophila join Argonaute-1 to regulate gene expression. Here the authors show that Drosophila generates a third small RNA class, endogenous small interfering RNAs, in both gonadal and somatic tissues.
Study proves that intelligence can be a detriment to survival in some species
Darkfrog submitted, created time 6 months 3 weeks (www.nytimes.com)
Okay, it's been fairly obvious for some time that humans' large and shapely brains involve some kind of evolutionary tradeoff. What is it, a third or a fourth of our blood flow that goes directly to the brain? I don't know. Well, this study shows that intelligence does not always increase an organism's odds for survival. Fruit flies bred to learn faster and surer were consistently larva-slapped by their troglodytic brethren.
The similarity between human and fly
Sue Wu submitted, created time 8 months 1 week (www.sciencedaily.com)
According to researchers at the Monell Center, fruit flies are more like humans in their responses to many sweet tastes than are almost any other species.
Landmark Drosophila Genome Project
yangjane submitted, created time 1 year 3 weeks (www.medilexicon.com)
The work, appearing in Nature, is part of an international research effort to catalogue the DNA sequences of 12 species of Drosophila, or fruit fly, a critical and common laboratory model used to study human development, genetics, and evolution. Results of the "Drosophila Dozen" project are the complete sequences of both nuclear and mitochondrial DNA from the 12 species of fly -- a data set that gives scientists the unprecedented ability to compare related species and how they changed over time.
Drosophila TRP channels require a protein with a distinctive motif encoded by the inaF locus
bianjie submitted, created time 1 year 1 month (www.pnas.org)
In both vertebrates and invertebrates, ion channels of the TRP superfamily are known to be influenced by a variety of accessory factors, but the list of interacting proteins is acknowledged to be incomplete. Although previous work showed that Drosophila TRP function is disrupted by mutations in the inaF locus, the mechanism of this effect has remained obscure.
bianjie submitted, created time 1 year 1 month (www.pnas.org)
Gene clusters amplified in the ovarian follicle cells of Drosophila serve as powerful models for metazoan DNA replication. In response to developmental signals, specific genomic regions undergo amplification by repeated firing of replication origins and bidirectional movement of replication forks for ≈50 kb in each direction.
ocean submitted, created time 1 year 1 month (www.genetics.org)
“Ferritin is a symmetric, 24-subunit iron-storage complex assembled of H and L chains. It is found in bacteria, plants, and animals and in two classes of mutations in the human L-chain gene, resulting in hereditary hyperferritinemia cataract syndrome or in neuroferritinopathy. Fanis Missirlis et al examined systemic and cellular ferritin regulation and trafficking in the model organism Drosophila melanogaster. They showed that ferritin H and L transcripts are coexpressed during embryogenesis and that both subunits are essential for embryonic development
In situ dissection of a Polycomb response element in Drosophila melanogaster
bianjie submitted, created time 1 year 4 months (www.pnas.org)
Genes of the Polycomb group maintain long-term, segment-specific repression of the homeotic genes in Drosophila. DNA targets of Polycomb group proteins, called Polycomb response elements (PREs), have been defined by several assays, but they have not been dissected in their original chromosomal context.
Natural polymorphism affecting learning and memory in Drosophila
bianjie submitted, created time 1 year 4 months (www.pnas.org)
Knowing which genes contribute to natural variation in learning and memory would help us understand how differences in these cognitive traits evolve among populations and species. We show that a natural polymorphism at the foraging (for) locus, which encodes a cGMP-dependent protein kinase (PKG), affects associative olfactory learning in Drosophila melanogaster.
A new pathway for miRNA biogenesis
addict submitted, created time 1 year 4 months (www.cell.com)
The canonical microRNA (miRNA) pathway converts primary hairpin precursor transcripts into ∼22 nucleotide regulatory RNAs via consecutive cleavages by two RNase III enzymes, Drosha and Dicer. In this study, we characterize Drosophila small RNAs that derive from short intronic hairpins termed “mirtrons.” Their nuclear biogenesis appears to bypass Drosha cleavage, which is essential for miRNA biogenesis. Instead, mirtron hairpins are defined by the action of the splicing machinery and lariat-debranching enzyme, which yield pre-miRNA-like hairpins
Drosophila Omi, a mitochondrial-localized IAP antagonist and proapoptotic serine protease
addict submitted, created time 1 year 5 months (www.nature.com)
we demonstrate that Drosophila Omi (dOmi), a fly homologue of the serine protease Omi/HtrA2, is a developmentally regulated mitochondrial intermembrane space protein that undergoes processive cleavage, in situ, to generate two distinct inhibitor of apoptosis (IAP) binding motifs.
Molecular Evolution of Drosophila Odorant Receptor Genes
julie submitted, created time 1 year 6 months (mbe.oxfordjournals.org)
"A total of 752 odorant receptor (Or) genes, including pseudogenes, were identified in 11 Drosophila species and named after their orthologs in Drosophila melanogaster. The 813 Or genes, including 61 from D. melanogaster, were classified into 59 orthologous groups that are well supported by gene phylogeny. By reconciling with the gene family phylogeny, we estimated the number of gene duplication/loss events and intron gain/loss events in the species phylogeny. We found that these events are particularly frequent in Drosophila grimshawi, Drosophila willistoni, and obscura group
Developmentally Regulated piRNA Clusters Implicate MILI in Transposon Control
newsdigg submitted, created time 1 year 6 months (www.sciencemag.org)
Nearly half of the mammalian genome is composed of repeated sequences. In Drosophila, Piwi proteins exert control over transposons. However, mammalian Piwi proteins, MIWI and MILI, partner with Piwi-interacting RNAs (piRNAs) that are depleted of repeat sequences, which raises questions about a role for mammalian Piwi's in transposon control. A search for murine small RNAs that might program Piwi proteins for transposon suppression revealed developmentally regulated piRNA loci, some of which resemble transposon master control loci of Drosophila
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