Articles with the keyword: 
Mutualism alters fish behavior
Darkfrog submitted, created time 2 months 1 day (www.nature.com)
A type of fish called the cleaner wrasse seems to haev a calming effect on local predators. The wrasse eat parasites off the scales of larger fish and even provide what Nature writers have called "a calming massage" with their fins. In return, the client fish keep returning to the wrasses' territory to provide them with more food.
However, what researchers have recently noticed is that client fish stop hunting each other while in wrasse territory--even while they are waiting to be served. 
Many little parasites add up to one big biomass
sea-maid submitted, created time 4 months 4 days (environment.newscientist.com)
Parasites are small, but they punch above their weight in terms of their effects on other life forms. Now it turns out that the amount of parasites in an ecosystem physically weighs more than the top predators.
It was previously thought parasites did not contribute much biomass when put against that of other animals and plants. To check this, Armand Kuris of the University of California, Santa Barbara, and colleagues painstakingly estimated the biomass of animals, plants and parasites in three estuaries in California and Baja California
Fishing Bans May Save Corals from Killer Starfish
sea-maid submitted, created time 4 months 6 days (www.sciam.com)
Good news for the world's vanishing corals: a new study shows that commercial fishing bans in Australia's Great Barrier Reef kept a lid on coral-gobbling starfish.
"This is definitely good news for coral," says John Bruno, an associate professor of marine science at the University of North Carolina (U.N.C.) at Chapel Hill.
Researchers found that there were as many as seven times fewer outbreaks of coral-killing crown-of-thorns starfish—which can have up to twenty spike-covered arms and grow up to two feet (0
sea-maid submitted, created time 4 months 1 week (sciencenow.sciencemag.org)
Researchers have spent decades trying to understand the confusing array of sleep patterns found in mammals. A donkey typically snoozes for just three hours a day, for instance, and armadillos and bats can be dead to the world for twenty hours a day. To explain the differences, scientists have offered a slew of theories, ranging from the idea that smaller animals need more sleep to conserve energy and maintain body temperature to the need to avoid predators.
Warming Spells Trouble for Fish
sea-maid submitted, created time 4 months 2 weeks (sciencenow.sciencemag.org)
Model predicts extinctions for polar fish and other species unable to migrate.
sea-maid submitted, created time 5 months 3 weeks (www.pnas.org)
From this result of this study, we know that the latitudinal gradient in marine bacteria supports the hypothesis that the kinetics of metabolism, setting the pace for life, has strong influence on diversity.
Abundance and diversity of microbial life in ocean crust
kavin submitted, created time 6 months 48 minutes (www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov)
Here, using quantitative polymerase chain reaction, in situ hybridization and microscopy, the authors demonstrate that prokaryotic cell abundances on seafloor-exposed basalts are 3-4 orders of magnitude greater than in overlying deep sea water. They hypothesize that alteration reactions fuel chemolithoautotrophic microorganisms, which constitute a trophic base of the basalt habitat, with important implications for deep-sea carbon cycling and chemical exchange between basalt and sea water.
Mars Phoenix lander transmits photos!
Darkfrog submitted, created time 6 months 5 days (www.nytimes.com)
Last night I watched the live feed of the NASA control center as the Phoenix lander touched down on Mars' polar region. Its mission is to examine water on Mars with an eye toward whether there is or ever was life on Mars. It transmitted its first photos in the wee hours of this morning.
So far it looks like cracked rock and pebbles, but the scientists are sure that they will find ice!
Prokaryote community found thriving a mile beneath the ocean floor
Darkfrog submitted, created time 6 months 5 days (www.nytimes.com)
Intact cells, including Pyrococcus, have been drilled up from over 5300 feet beneath the ocean off Newfoundland. Deep down, these archae seem to feed on methane and organic carbon. Living creatures have been found deeper than that under land, but the record that gets brken here is the density. This isn't some scanty population eking by: they are thriving.
The temperature down there is well above the boiling point of water, so these guys count as extremophiles, like the hot-spring-loving Thermus aquaticus that gave us Taq DNA polymerase.
Organism Sets Record for Extreme Living Conditions
kavin submitted, created time 6 months 1 week (www.sciam.com)
It’s hot to research life in extreme environments. There are organisms that thrive in boiling hot thermal vents and in toxic stews. These extremophiles might show how life could arise on other planets. Or they may provide info that helps solve environmental crises. Based on the genetic analysis, it appears to be a type of archaea—a single-celled organism similar to but distinct from bacteria.
Global warming a threat to sea life
kavin submitted, created time 7 months 1 hour (www.msnbc.msn.com)
Recently, a new study warns that low-oxygen zones where sea life is threatened or cannot survive are growing as the oceans are heated by global warming. Oxygen-depleted zones in the central and eastern equatorial Atlantic and equatorial Pacific oceans appear to have expanded over the last 50 years. Low-oxygen "dead zones" in the Gulf of Mexico and other areas also have been studied in recent years, raising concerns about the threat to sea life.
The relationship between plant species diversity and its productivity
sea-maid submitted, created time 7 months 6 days (www.pnas.org)
Plant species diversity has a high effect on productivity in natural settings. In this article, they found that aboveground net primary production increased with the number of plant species. They point out that the effect of biodiversity in natural ecosystems may be much larger than currently thought
Ocean acidification may make algae flourish
Darkfrog submitted, created time 7 months 1 week (www.nytimes.com)
For many of the smallest marine life forms, the biggest issue on the block isn't global warming, it's ocean acidification. Acid in the oceans can dissolve the calcium carbonate that makes up coral's support structure. It was thought that the shells of coccolithophores, a type of algae that forms the base of much of the ocean's ecosystem, would be dissolved as well, and one study says that they will
sumsung submitted, created time 7 months 3 weeks (sciencenow.sciencemag.org)
Scientists have hit upon a way to spy on invasive wetland species without ever having to see them: They simply detect their DNA in the water. The technique works on bullfrogs, which are an invasive species outside of North America, and such DNA scans could eventually be used in rapid surveys of biodiversity.
Evolution of New Species Slows Down as Number of Competitors Increases
Eric wu submitted, created time 8 months 2 days (www.sciencedaily.com)
The rate at which new species are formed out of a group of closely related animals decreases as the total number of different species in that group goes up, according to new research.
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