Articles with the keyword: 
Red Fish, Blue Fish, One Fish Becomes Two Fish
sea-maid submitted, created time 4 days 21 hours (sciencenow.sciencemag.org)
Changes in vision lead to new species in cichlids in a form of sexual selection not usually seen (or at least not usually recognized). 
Worlds within worlds: evolution of the vertebrate gut microbiota
sea-maid submitted, created time 2 weeks 2 days (www.nature.com)
This article is a writeup of an analysis of published 16S ribosomal RNA gene sequences to compare the bacterial assemblages that are associated with humans and other mammals, metazoa and free-living microbial communities that span a range of environments. The composition of the vertebrate gut microbiota is influenced by diet, host morphology and phylogeny, and in this respect the human gut bacterial community is typical of an omnivorous primate. However, the vertebrate gut microbiota is different from free-living communities that are not associated with animal body habitats
Evolutionary biology: The butt boggles the mind: Nature explores evolution of the anus
Darkfrog submitted, created time 2 weeks 4 days (www.nature.com)
It might not make for stellar dinner conversation, but it's a relevant question. When did multicellular organisms develop an anus? The first organisms to use guts--like modern cnidarians (formerly called coelenterates, meaning "one hollow cavity")--got by with just a mouth. (Feeling like you need to barf? They did too!) However, as the guts get longer, one hole becomes impractical.
"Just punch another hole in it" might seem like an obvious answer to anyone who's survived a kindergarten art class, but, from an evolutionary standpoint, it's pretty darn unlikely
sea-maid submitted, created time 3 weeks 1 hour (www.nature.com)
It is so new, and so bizarre, that uber-naturalist E. O. Wilson has christened it "the ant from Mars." Martialis heureka, a native of the Brazilian Amazon, is the founding member of a new subfamily of ants. It adds a new branch to the ant family tree which split off from the others extremely early in the family's evolution. "It could represent a 'relict' species that retained some ancestral morphological characteristics," says discoverer Christian Rabeling, a graduate student in integrative biology at the University of Texas in Austin
Gene regulation makes humans human
sea-maid submitted, created time 1 month 1 day (www.sciencenews.org)
The regulation of genes, rather than genes alone, may have been crucial to primate evolution. Nearly identical stretches of DNA in chimps and humans trigger different effects in the developing body, triggered by non-coding regions.
Scientists develop new method to investigate origin of life
sea-maid submitted, created time 1 month 4 days (esciencenews.com)
Scientists at Penn State have developed a new computational method that they say will help them to understand how life began on Earth. The team's method has the potential to trace the evolutionary histories of proteins all the way back to either cells or viruses, thus settling the debate once and for all over which of these life forms came first. "We have just begun to tap the potential power of this method," said Randen Patterson, a Penn State assistant professor of biology and one of the project's leaders
New giant clam species offers window into human past
sea-maid submitted, created time 1 month 5 days (esciencenews.com)
Researchers report the discovery of the first new living species of giant clam in two decades, according to a report to be published online on August 28th in Current Biology, a Cell Press publication. While fossil evidence reveals that the...
Madness: Price of a Big Brain?
sea-maid submitted, created time 1 month 3 weeks (sciencenow.sciencemag.org)
A new study suggests that the debilitating disease schizophrenia may be a byproduct of the genetic changes that fueled the evolution of the expansive human brain. The idea, still preliminary, is that the massive energy demands of the brain may make it vulnerable to mutations in metabolism-related genes.
Big brains arose twice in higher primates
sea-maid submitted, created time 2 months 2 weeks (esciencenews.com)
After taking a fresh look at an old fossil, John Flynn, Frick Curator of Paleontology at the American Museum of Natural History, and colleagues were able to confirm the theory that large brain size has developed more than once in the primate evolutionary tree.
Darkfrog submitted, created time 2 months 3 weeks (www.nature.com)
Although young flatfish have one eye on each side of their heads, the adult flatfish sports both on one side. This allows the fish to lie on the sea floor looking up and still retain its depth perception. This ocular migration has puzzled gradual evolutionists. If the trait evolved gradually over many generations, then why aren't there fossils showing fish with partially migrated eyes?
Well today's Nature posts the discovery of two such fish fossils, blowing a giant raspberry at both creationists and sudden-jump evolutionists alike.
sea-maid submitted, created time 2 months 3 weeks (sciencenow.sciencemag.org)
Discovery of light-responsive neurons in a nematode may hold clues about eye evolution.
Did newborn Earth harbor life?
sea-maid submitted, created time 3 months 3 days (space.newscientist.com)
Life on Earth might have emerged about 750 million years earlier than previously thought, new research suggests.
"Gay genes" may be good for women
sea-maid submitted, created time 3 months 2 weeks (sciencenow.sciencemag.org)
As gay couples race to the altar in California this week, scientists may have found an answer to the so-called gay paradox. Studies suggest that homosexuality is at least partly genetic. And although homosexuals have far fewer children than heterosexuals, so-called gay genes apparently survive in the population. A new study bolsters support for an intriguing idea: These same genes may increase fertility in women.
Evolution and historical continguency caught on tape! E. coli amass traits over time.
Darkfrog submitted, created time 3 months 3 weeks (www.pnas.org)
Historical contingency is a new phrase for me. I gather that it means "the idea that a given new mutation cannot create a new trait unless certain other, related mutations have already taken place." Anyway, it's been observed, repeatedly, in a laboratory setting.
Researchers split some identical E. coli into twelve colonies and gave them a glucose-poor medium that contained citrate, which E. coli cannot ordinarily process. Eventaully, around generation 32,000 some of the E. coli gained the ability to use citrate as food
Bacteria make major evolutionary shift in the lab
sea-maid submitted, created time 3 months 3 weeks (www.newscientist.com)
A major evolutionary innovation has unfurled right in front of researchers' eyes. It's the first time evolution has been caught in the act of making such a rare and complex new trait.
Ordinarily E. coli cannot process citrate. In fact, this trait is one of the things that researchers use to distinguish E. coli from other species. This team separated E. coli into twelve separate cultures and allowed it to divide. No matter how they replayed things, only extracts from the one citrate-plus culture ever re-developed citrate processing abilities
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