Articles with the keyword: 
Biologists Discover Motor Protein That Rewinds DNA
piggy submitted, created time 4 weeks 1 day (www.sciencedaily.com)
ScienceDaily (Nov. 2, 2008) — Two biologists at the University of California, San Diego have discovered the first of a new class of cellular motor proteins that “rewind” sections of the double-stranded DNA molecule that become unwound, like the tangled ribbons from a cassette tape, in “bubbles” that prevent critical genes from being expressed.
“When your DNA gets stuck in the unwound position, your cells are in big trouble, and in humans, that ultimately leads to death” said Jim Kadonaga, a professor of biology at UCSD who headed the study 
The Study of Phloem Development and Structure in Arabidopsis
kavin submitted, created time 5 months 3 weeks (www.plantcell.org)
Currently, examination of the cellular structure of plant organs and the gene expression therein largely relies on the production of tissue sections. Here, the authors present a staining technique that can be used to image entire plant organs using confocal laser scanning microscopy. This technique produces high-resolution images that allow three-dimensional reconstruction of the cellular organization of plant organs.
sea-maid submitted, created time 6 months 22 hours (www.nature.com)
Researchers have found a protein complex called eNoSC that slows down a cell's protein-production machinery when energy is running low.
jerry submitted, created time 6 months 3 weeks (www.developmentalcell.com)
Surprisingly, sensitive-to-resistant transition happened in post-stage-12 embryos when they are irradiated.
The magic key of this is in the irradiation-responsive enhancer regions of the proapoptotic genes. It becomes enriched for trimethylated H3K27/H3K9 and forms a heterochromatin-like structure during the sensitive-to-resistant transition.
Genetic interaction with smoking in arthritis
jerry submitted, created time 6 months 3 weeks (arthritis-research.com)
Analysis of data from a study of American nurses confirms the PTPN22 polymorphism is a strong risk factor for rheumatoid arthritis, and that its presence interacts multiplicatively with heavy smoking.
sea-maid submitted, created time 7 months 4 days (www.genome.org)
In this paper, the authors performed chromatin immunoprecipitation using antibodies to H3me3K27, H3me3K9, 5-methyl-cytosine, and POLR2A. And then they found that (1) the percentage of low expressed genes bound by POLR2A, H3me3K27, H3me3K9, or 5-methyl-cytosine is similar in all 12 cell types, regardless of differentiation or neoplastic state; (2) a gene is generally repressed by only one mechanism; and (3) distinct classes of genes are repressed by certain mechanisms
MicroRNA Sets Stage for Human Therapies
sumsung submitted, created time 8 months 4 days (sciencenow.sciencemag.org)
Scientists have taken a big step toward developing therapies based on naturally occurring tiny RNA molecules called microRNAs. In the first successful experiment with primates, researchers have blocked microRNAs to lower cholesterol levels in monkeys. This achievement builds hope that the strategy could one day be used to attack human diseases. Safety concerns still linger, however.
Mice with gene deletion provide clues to Prader-Willi, uncontrollable eating
jane2007 submitted, created time 8 months 2 weeks (news-service.stanford.edu)
A new mouse model for a genetic cause of obesity has been developed by scientists. This model will help them develop therapies for people with Prader-Willi syndrome, a rare genetic condition that triggers uncontrollable eating.
Knockdown of TNFR1 by the sense strand of an ICAM-1 siRNA: dissection of an off-target effect
davidd submitted, created time 9 months 15 hours (nar.oxfordjournals.org)
This may be the first example in which the off-target effect of an siRNA is actually responsible for the anticipated effect by acting to reduce expression of a protein (TNFR1) that normally regulates expression of the intended target (ICAM-1).
davidd submitted, created time 10 months 6 days (www.cancercell.org)
The Rb/E2F pathway regulates the expression of genes essential for cell proliferation but that also trigger apoptosis. During normal proliferation, PI3K/Akt signaling blocks E2F1-induced apoptosis, thus serving to balance proliferation and death. They now identify a subset of E2F1 target genes that are specifically repressed by PI3K/Akt signaling, thus distinguishing the E2F1 proliferative or apoptotic function.
Air pollution causes sperm mutations
jane2007 submitted, created time 10 months 2 weeks (www.nature.com)
After reared mice in cages kept in a shed downwind of two steel mills and a busy highway in a Canadian city, researchers have found that air pollution can cause DNA mutations in the sperm of the mice. DNA in the sperm of the mice contained 60% more mutations, had more strand breaks, and had more bases that had been chemically modified via the addition of a methyl group. Air pollution will arrect human health and fertility.
rocksdqd submitted, created time 1 year 23 hours (sciencenow.sciencemag.org)
The battle of the sexes extends all the way to our chromosomes. In some cases, the copy of a gene inherited from one parent shuts down, leaving just the copy from the other parent active and upsetting the classic rules of inheritance. Now researchers have come up with the first comprehensive map of these so-called imprinted genes in humans. Many of them lie in regions of chromosomes implicated in disease and may be involved in problems such as autism and obesity.
Transcriptomic and Proteomic Analyses of Pericycle Cells of the Maize Primary Root
yangjane submitted, created time 1 year 3 weeks (www.plantphysiol.org)
Each plant cell type expresses a unique transcriptome and proteome at different stages of differentiation dependent on its developmental fate. This study compared gene expression and protein accumulation in cell-cycle-competent primary root pericycle cells of maize (Zea mays) prior to their first division and lateral root initiation. These are the only root cells that maintain the competence to divide after they leave the meristematic zone.
Elevated level of SUMOylated IRF-1 in tumor cells interferes with IRF-1-mediated apoptosis
stephen submitted, created time 1 year 1 month (www.pnas.org)
SUMOylation of transcription factors often attenuates transcription activity. This regulation of protein activity allows more diversity in the control of gene expression. Interferon regulatory factor-1 (IRF-1) was originally identified as a regulator of IFN-α/β, and its expression is induced by viral infection or IFN stimulation.
Tolerance to inhalants may be caused by changes in gene expression
herry submitted, created time 1 year 1 month (www.eurekalert.org)
Changes in the expression of genes may be the reason why people who abuse inhalants, such as spray paint or glue, quickly develop a tolerance, biologists at The University of Texas at Austin have discovered.
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