Articles with the keyword: 
Researchers discover that gene switches on during development of epilepsy
piggy submitted, created time 1 year 4 months (www.eurekalert.org)
A discovery made by researchers at Wake Forest University School of Medicine while studying mice may help explain how some people without a genetic predisposition to epilepsy can develop the disorder.
In a study published this month in the Journal of Neuroscience, senior researcher Dwayne W. Godwin, Ph.D 
Plant Gene Mapping May Lead to Better Biofuel Production
sea-maid submitted, created time 1 year 4 months (www.sciencedaily.com)
By creating a family tree of genes expressed in one form of woody plant and a less woody, herbaceous species, scientists at the U.S. Department of Energy’s Brookhaven National Laboratory have uncovered clues that may help them engineer plants more amenable to biofuel production.
Gene Targeting Discovery Opens Door for Vaccines and Drugs
piggy submitted, created time 1 year 4 months (www.sciencedaily.com)
In a genetic leap that could help fast-track vaccine and drug development, DMS researchers have discovered how to destroy a key DNA pathway in a wily and widespread human parasite. The feat surmounts a major hurdle for targeting genes in Toxoplasma gondii, an infection model whose close relatives are responsible for diseases that include malaria and severe diarrhea
Genetic discovery could lead to male contraceptives
sea-maid submitted, created time 1 year 5 months (www.physorg.com)
Mouse studies have shown that the CATSPER1 gene is present in sperm and is essential for normal sperm motion during fertilization. The left side of the diagram illustrates normal sperm fertilizing an egg. The right side of the diagram illustrates that sperm lacking the CatSper1 protein are not able to penetrate an outer layer of the egg, known as the zona pellucida, preventing normal fertilization. Credit: University of Iowa.
In humans, defects in CATSPER1 causes infertility in men.
Image adapted from Avenarius et al 2009 AJHG in press.
URI scientists reveal mechanism that regulates cancer-causing gene
piggy submitted, created time 1 year 5 months (www.eurekalert.org)
Two University of Rhode Island scientists have revealed how a cancer-causing protein is regulated by reactive oxygen species (ROS)--a type of stress signal. Their findings provide new insight into how this protein normally behaves in human cells and may help in the design of drugs targeting specific cancers.
Doctoral student David J. Kemble and Professor Gongqin Sun in the URI Department of Cell and Molecular Biology are the first to provide a biochemical mechanism describing how certain protein tyrosine kinases sense and respond to oxidation
A variant form of amyloid beta hinders amyloidogenesis and the development of Alzheimer's disease
piggy submitted, created time 1 year 5 months (www.eurekalert.org)
Alzheimer's disease is the most common form of dementia in the elderly. It is usually sporadic, but a small proportion of cases are familial, linked to mutations in the Aβ precursor protein (APP), presenilin 1 or presenilin 2 genes. The mutations identified previously increase aggregation and/or the production of Aβ, and have an autosomal dominant pattern of inheritance with complete penetrance, meaning that only one allele of the gene needs to be mutated in order to produce the disease
Scientists Remove Cancer Genes from Stem Cells
sea-maid submitted, created time 1 year 5 months (www.reuters.com)
Researchers from the Whitehead Institute for Biomedical Research have managed to remove cancer-causing genes from induced pluripotent stem cells, or skin cells that have been regressed backwards to a state similar to embryonic stem cells.
One central problem with iPS is that the genes that scientists must trigger in order to regress the cells can also cause cancer. The Whitehead team found a way to transfer the genes into the cells for the regression and then back out again once the process was complete
Influence of obesity gene can be offset by healthy diet
piggy submitted, created time 1 year 6 months (www.eurekalert.org)
Children who carry a gene strongly associated with obesity could offset its effect by eating a low-energy-density diet, according to new research from UCL (University College London) and the University of Bristol published today in PLoS ONE.
The study, based on data from a sample of 2275 children from the Bristol-based ALSPAC study (Children of the 90s) provides evidence that people might be able to avoid becoming obese if they adopt a healthier diet with a low energy density – even those who carry the FTO gene, identified as being a high risk gene for obesity
A second MND gene mutation in one year signifies rapid research progress
piggy submitted, created time 1 year 6 months (www.eurekalert.org)
A collaborative research project involving Professor Christopher Shaw of the Institute of Psychiatry, King’s College London (KCL), Dr. Tom Kwiatkowski at Massachusetts General Hospital (MGH) and Professor Robert H. Brown at University of Massachusetts, has revealed that mutations in a gene called FUS (fused in sarcoma) cause familial Motor Neuron Disease (also known as Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis). This is the second gene to be discovered for ALS in just one year and is an important step towards understanding disease mechanisms
NC State study finds genes important to sleep
piggy submitted, created time 1 year 6 months (www.eurekalert.org)
For many animals, sleep is a risk: foraging for food, mingling with mates and guarding against predators just aren't possible while snoozing.
How, then, has this seemingly life-threatening behavior remained constant among various species of animals?
A new study by scientists at North Carolina State University shows that the fruit fly is genetically wired to sleep, although the sleep comes in widely variable amounts and patterns. Learning more about the genetics of sleep in model animals could lead to advances in understanding human sleep and how sleep loss affects the human condition.
Gene Mutation Increases Drug Toxicity, Rejection Risk in Pediatric Kidney Transplants
sea-maid submitted, created time 1 year 6 months (www.sciencedaily.com)
Screening for mutations in a gene that helps the body metabolize a kidney transplant anti-rejection drug may predict which children are at higher risk for side effects, including compromised white blood cell count or organ rejection, according to new research.
Humans and Chimpanzees Genetically More Similar Than One Yeast Variety Is to Another
sea-maid submitted, created time 1 year 6 months (www.sciencedaily.com)
There may be greater genetic variation between different yeasts of the same species than between humans and chimpanzees. This is one of the findings of a study from the University of Gothenburg that is being published in the scientific journal Nature. This study heralds a new era in evolutionary genetics research -- the mapping of an individual's DNA.
The largest asthma genetics study so far sheds light on disease mechanism
piggy submitted, created time 1 year 6 months (www.helmholtz-muenchen.de)
Asthma and allergic diseases are associated with a number of biological reactions. One of these reactions is an elevated blood count of eosinophils, multifunctional leukocytes that release highly active proteins primarily to combat parasites. In the largest study so far on asthma genetics, an international consortium of scientists used this immune reaction as an easily measurable marker to elucidate the underlying disease mechanisms. The study has been published online, ahead of print, in the journal Nature Genetics.
Visual Decline As We Age: Genetics or Environment?
sea-maid submitted, created time 1 year 6 months (www.sciencedaily.com)
Which has a larger impact on the "normal" decline of visual function as we age, genetic or environmental factors? This question is explored in the February issue of Ophthalmology, the journal of the American Academy of Ophthalmology.
The study was performed on forty-two sets of twins, twenty-one identical and twenty-one fraternal. There was a strong genetic correlation with functions involving sharp and color vision--things concerning cone cells, but not with night vision or light detection--things concerning rod cells.
First Gene Discovered for Most Common Form of Epilepsy
piggy submitted, created time 1 year 7 months (www.sciencedaily.com)
An international team of researchers, led by investigators at Columbia University Medical Center, has uncovered the first gene linked to the most common type of epilepsy, called Rolandic epilepsy. One out of every five children with epilepsy is diagnosed with this form, which is associated with seizures starting in one part of the brain.
This finding is the first step in unlocking the causes of common childhood epilepsies and developing more effective treatments
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