Articles with the keyword: 
sea-maid submitted, created time 4 days 21 hours (sciencenow.sciencemag.org)
Fifty-year-old sample sheds light on when HIV jumped from chimps to humans. 
Tissue sample suggests HIV has been infecting humans for a century
sea-maid submitted, created time 4 days 21 hours (www.nature.com)
Tissue samples from the fifties and sixties, taken from patients living in Kinshasa (then Leopoldville) in the Democratic Republic of Congo indicate that HIV, which was first recognized in the 1980's. Researchers were able to pluck chinks of viral DNA from the crudely preserved samples. Comparing the levels of genetic variation allowed them to give an estimate of HIV-1's year of origin: 1908.
This does not show us how HIV crossed from chimpanzees into humans, but it does give us a better idea of where to look for the disease's origins.
HIV in the U.S. hits American blacks extra hard
Darkfrog submitted, created time 3 weeks 3 days (www.nytimes.com)
The CDC has released a report on the way HIV spreads in the United States. Again, American blacks are at disproportionately high risk. While caucasian gay and bisexual men tend to get infected int heir thirties and forties, black gay and bisexual men tend to get infected in their teens and twenties.
The writeup does not say whether they adjusted for socioeconomic factors, but they do assert that the infected blacks were no more likely to be drug users or to engage in risky sexual behaviors than their counterparts in other races
HIV spreads in NYC at three times the U.S. average
kavin submitted, created time 1 month 5 days (www.reuters.com)
New Yorkers are contracting HIV at three times the national rate, the city health department said on Wednesday, attributing the difference to New York's large population of high-risk groups such as gay men and blacks.
In 2006, seventy-two of every 100,000 New Yorkers became infected with HIV, the virus that causes AIDS, compared with the national average of twenty-three infections, the health department said.
Some 4,800 people contracted HIV in 2006 in New York, long considered the epicenter of the U.S. HIV/AIDS epidemic
Studies show that behavior modification works in the fight against AIDS
Darkfrog submitted, created time 2 months 22 hours (www.nytimes.com)
When I first read this headline, I thought that "behavior modification" meant only telling people to stop having sex, but it seems that delaying sex, using condoms and stopping drug abuse are here considered behavior modification as well.
"One is misplaced pessimism about the effectiveness of H.I.V. prevention strategies. A second is confusing the difficulty in changing human behavior with an inability to do so." Yeah, sing it! "They won't stop having sex just because we tell them to," does seem to be the assumption on the liberal side. It seems that, in this case, humility is misplaced.
The end of AIDS is nowhere in sight
sea-maid submitted, created time 2 months 2 days (www.nature.com)
The seventeenth annual AIDS conference opened in Mexico City last week. The consensus among the attendees seems to be that the failed vaccines, poorly targeted prevention measures and lack of fresh research talent all add up to years and years of HIV and AIDS in our future.
Black Americans have higher rates of HIV than some African countries
Darkfrog submitted, created time 2 months 5 days (www.nytimes.com)
According to the Black AIDS Institute, the United States may have a lower incidence of HIV than other countries overall, but U.S. blacks, considered alone, aren't so lucky. With 600,000 African-Americans living with HIV and 30,000 new infections each year, if American blacks were a country on their own, they would rank sixteenth worldwide. What's more, infected blacks are much more likely to die than infected whites, after adjusting for age (the article does not say that it adjusted for socioeconomic status)
Parasitic worms may boost African HIV rates.
sea-maid submitted, created time 2 months 1 week (www.newscientist.com)
ONE of the biggest mysteries of HIV is why the virus spreads so readily via heterosexual sex in Africa but not elsewhere. A study in monkeys suggests parasitic worms may be to blame.
Parasitic worms may help fuel AIDS epidemic: study
kavin submitted, created time 2 months 1 week (www.reuters.com)
People infected with parasitic worms may be much more susceptible to the AIDS virus, according to a study published on Tuesday that may help explain why HIV has hit sub-Saharan Africa particularly hard.
The study involving monkeys demonstrated how a type of parasitic worm that causes schistosomiasis, which affects 200 million people globally, may make HIV infection more likely.
Much lower amounts of the AIDS virus--seventeen times lower--were needed to cause infection in monkeys who had the parasitic worms than in the parasite-free monkeys, the researchers said
HIV gene is a mixed blessing for carriers
sea-maid submitted, created time 2 months 2 weeks (www.newscientist.com)
A GENETIC mutation common in African Americans slows the progression of HIV, yet paradoxically increases the risk of contracting the virus in the first place.
A clue that race-specific genes are involved in HIV came in 2002, when Sunil Ahuja of the University of Texas Health Science Center in San Antonio and colleagues discovered a mutation in the CCL5 gene that accelerates the progression of HIV-1, the most common form of the virus. Though the mutation was found in people of all races, it only accelerated the disease in Americans of European descent
Government HIV vaccine doesn't make it out the gate
Darkfrog submitted, created time 2 months 2 weeks (www.nytimes.com)
Plans for a large-scale clinical trial of an HIV vaccine developed by the U.S. government were cancelled this week. The researchers fear jumping into human trials too soon, without knowing more about how their vaccine will affect the volunteers. Here is a quote:
"The trial canceled Thursday was supposed to have started enrolling 8,500 volunteers last October to receive the PAVE [Partnership for AIDS Vaccine Evaluation] vaccine, developed by the infectious diseases agency
Genetic Variant Raises HIV Risk
sea-maid submitted, created time 2 months 2 weeks (www.time.com)
There's no doubt Africans have borne the brunt of the AIDS epidemic. Now researchers in London and Texas say it may have something to do with a single gene variant that could account for 11%, or about 2.5 million, of Africa's HIV cases.
sea-maid submitted, created time 2 months 2 weeks (www.sciencenews.org)
Battling malaria for millennia helped Africans build barriers against the parasite that causes it, but that defense has proven to be a double-edged sword for HIV infection. One protein, the Duffy antigen receptor for cytokines, protects against malaria by making the individual more susceptible to contracting HIV. However, those same individuals do live longer once infected.
Zinc-finger proteins turn T-cells HIV-resistant
Darkfrog submitted, created time 3 months 4 days (www.nature.com)
ZInc-finger proteins occur naturally in human cells and regulate gene activity. Researchers out of California's Sangamo Biosciences have figured out how to use these proteins to disrupt and disable specific genes. The kicker? When the gene in question is CCR5, human T-cells suddenly become resistant to infection with HIV.
At this point, any practical treatment would involve removing (or growing) the patient's own T-cells, treating them with zinc finger proteins, and then re0injecting the patient. Cumbersome, but possible
Alzheimer's Risk Factor Also Aids HIV
sea-maid submitted, created time 3 months 1 week (www.sciencemag.org)
The defective lipid carrier apolipoprotein E4 (apoE4) has accumulated a nasty record. Not only are people who have the gene for apoE4 famously predisposed to Alzheimer's disease, but the same risk factor can also worsen several nervous system disorders and promote cardiovascular disease. A study out this week suggests that apoE4 also hastens the death of people infected with HIV, possibly by allowing the virus easy entry into cells.
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