How were DNA and protein molecules formed during the process of the origin of life?

pang xiaofeng submitted, created time 1 year 2 weeks (www.discover8.com)

We propose a new mechanism for the formation of DNA and protein molecules in the process of the origin of life based on the discovery of clustered chain structures of water molecules of size 2-70nm which exist in addition to the free molecules present in water. We suggest that not only was water a suitable environment for the appearance of DNA and protein molecules in primordial times but also that water molecules, with their clustered chain structures, were the templates for the formation of DNA and protein molecules

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New fuel for 21st century -- aluminum pellets?

Cassidy submitted, created time 1 year 6 months (www.sciam.com)

Pellets made out of aluminum and gallium can produce pure hydrogen when water is poured on them, offering a possible alternative to gasoline-powered engines, U.S. scientists say.

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Energy Transduction: Proton Transfer Through the Respiratory Complexes

BIOBOSS submitted, created time 1 year 9 months (arjournals.annualreviews.org)

A series of metalloprotein complexes embedded in a mitochondrial or bacterial membrane utilize electron transfer reactions to pump protons across the membrane and create an electrochemical potential . Current understanding of the principles of electron-driven proton transfer is discussed, mainly with respect to the wealth of knowledge available from studies of cytochrome c oxidase

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