Articles with the keyword: 
Biological principles of microRNA-mediated regulation: shared themes amid diversity
sea-maid submitted, created time 1 month 1 week (www.nature.com)
Regulation of gene activity by microRNAs is critical to myriad aspects of eukaryotic development and physiology. Amidst an extensive regulatory web that is predicted to involve thousands of transcripts, emergent themes are now beginning to illustrate how microRNAs have been incorporated into diverse settings. These include potent inhibition of individual key targets, fine-tuning of target activity, the coordinated regulation of target batteries, and the reversibility of some aspects of microRNA-mediated repression 
sea-maid submitted, created time 1 month 2 weeks (www.sciencedirect.com)
Stem cells persist throughout life in diverse tissues by undergoing self-renewing divisions. Self-renewal capacity declines with age, partly because of increasing expression of the tumor suppressor p16Ink4a. We discovered that the Hmga2 transcriptional regulator is highly expressed in fetal neural stem cells but that expression declines with age. This decrease is partly caused by the increasing expression of let-7b microRNA, which is known to target HMGA2
MiR-150 Regulates Cell Fate in Progenitors
jerry submitted, created time 4 months 3 weeks (www.developmentalcell.com)
Lineage specification is a critical issue in developmental and regenerative biology. We hypothesized that microRNAs (miRNAs) are important participants in those processes and used the poorly understood regulation of megakaryocyte-erythrocyte progenitors (MEPs) in hematopoiesis as a model system. We report here that miR-150 modulates lineage fate in MEPs. Using a novel methodology capable of profiling miRNA expression in small numbers of primary cells, we identify miR-150 as preferentially expressed in the megakaryocytic lineage
No place to hide for herpes virus
sea-maid submitted, created time 4 months 4 weeks (www.newscientist.com)
They say the difference between herpes and love is that herpes lasts forever. But new research hints at a way to chase the cold sore virus from its hiding place and get rid of it for good.
davidd submitted, created time 8 months 1 day (www.pnas.org)
Small RNAs (21–24 nt) are involved in gene regulation through translation inhibition, mRNA cleavage, or directing chromatin modifications. At least five classes of these small regulatory RNAs (21–24 nt) have been characterized. miRNA and siRNA is reported frquently. However, the natural antisense miRNAs (nat-miRNAs) have not been reported in any system.
MicroRNA Sets Stage for Human Therapies
sumsung submitted, created time 8 months 5 days (sciencenow.sciencemag.org)
Scientists have taken a big step toward developing therapies based on naturally occurring tiny RNA molecules called microRNAs. In the first successful experiment with primates, researchers have blocked microRNAs to lower cholesterol levels in monkeys. This achievement builds hope that the strategy could one day be used to attack human diseases. Safety concerns still linger, however.
Triumphs and tribulations for RNA interference
jane2007 submitted, created time 8 months 5 days (www.nature.com)
Two studies highlight promise and problems for gene silencing technique. Researchers could offer a new way by microRNA interference to treat conditions from cancer to cardiovascular disease. But another study shows that the effects of RNAi on genes involved in a severe form of blindness called age-related macular degeneration (AMD). In this case RNAi-causing drugs have already gone into trials. It isn't that the drugs don't work; it's that they work no matter what siRNA sequence is used. This brings the current understanding of the mechanism of RNA interference into question.
MicroRNAs Impair TGFβ-Dependent Cell-Cycle Arrest and Apoptosis in Stomach Cancer
davidd submitted, created time 8 months 2 weeks (www.cancercell.org)
Stomach cancer causes 12% of all cancer-related deaths each year, a fact that calls for better treatments based on a deeper understanding of the molecular mechanisms underlying the onset of this disease. Here, they show that overexpression of the miR-106b-25 cluster may cure the TGFβ tumor suppressor pathway related cancer.
MicroRNA: A New Player in Breast Cancer Development
MedUnion submitted, created time 1 year 2 weeks (www.mupnet.com)
Breast cancer is the leading cause of death in women in North America. The etiology of breast cancer is complex, and genetic background and environmental factors are believed to contribute to the complexities. Over the past decades, a large body of literature has demonstrated that gene expression profile may be a useful tool to define the signature of cancer and predict the prognosis or response to treatment. Recently, microRNA (miRNA) expression profile calls a great attention to define various types of cancers
Penn researchers discover how microRNAs control protein synthesis
bianjie submitted, created time 1 year 4 months (www.uphs.upenn.edu)
While most RNAs work to create, package and transfer proteins as determined by the cell's immediate needs, miniature pieces of RNA, called microRNAs (miRNAs) regulate gene expression. Recently, researchers from the University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine determined how miRNAs team up with a regulatory protein to halt protein production.
Unraveling the complex regulation of stem cells: implications for aging and cancer
fiona submitted, created time 1 year 8 months (www.nature.com)
"Substantial progress in embryonic and adult stem cell research in the past several years has yielded a wealth of information regarding the mechanisms regulating self-renewal and differentiation, two processes often used to define stem cells. Recent evidence suggests that epigenetic as well as genetic processes maintain stem cells in a pluripotent state as well as dictate their transition to more restricted stages of development. In this review, we discuss two emerging themes in stem cell biology, epigenetic control of gene expression and post-transcriptional regulation via microRNAs
A Family of MicroRNAs Present in Plants and Animals
big pig submitted, created time 1 year 9 months (www.plantcell.org)
The results of the study indicate that plants and animals share miRNAs of the miR854 family, suggesting a common origin of these miRNAs as regulators of basal transcriptional mechanisms.
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