Articles with the keyword: 
MiR-150 Regulates Cell Fate in Progenitors
jerry submitted, created time 4 months 3 weeks (www.developmentalcell.com)
Lineage specification is a critical issue in developmental and regenerative biology. We hypothesized that microRNAs (miRNAs) are important participants in those processes and used the poorly understood regulation of megakaryocyte-erythrocyte progenitors (MEPs) in hematopoiesis as a model system. We report here that miR-150 modulates lineage fate in MEPs. Using a novel methodology capable of profiling miRNA expression in small numbers of primary cells, we identify miR-150 as preferentially expressed in the megakaryocytic lineage 
Triumphs and tribulations for RNA interference
jane2007 submitted, created time 8 months 5 days (www.nature.com)
Two studies highlight promise and problems for gene silencing technique. Researchers could offer a new way by microRNA interference to treat conditions from cancer to cardiovascular disease. But another study shows that the effects of RNAi on genes involved in a severe form of blindness called age-related macular degeneration (AMD). In this case RNAi-causing drugs have already gone into trials. It isn't that the drugs don't work; it's that they work no matter what siRNA sequence is used. This brings the current understanding of the mechanism of RNA interference into question.
Genomic analysis of human microRNA transcripts
jimmy submitted, created time 1 year 1 month (www.pnas.org)
MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are important genetic regulators of development, differentiation, growth, and metabolism. The mammalian genome encodes 500 known miRNA genes. Approximately 50% are expressed from non-protein-coding transcripts, whereas the rest are located mostly in the introns of coding genes.
Tumour invasion and metastasis initiated by microRNA-10b in breast cancer
ocean submitted, created time 1 year 1 month (www.nature.com)
“MicroRNAs have been implicated in regulating diverse cellular pathways. Although there is emerging evidence that some microRNAs can function as oncogenes or tumour suppressors, the role of microRNAs in mediating cancer metastasis remains unexplored. Li Ma et al show using a combination of mouse and human cells, that microRNA-10b (miR-10b) is highly expressed in metastatic breast cancer cells and positively regulates cell migration and invasion. Overexpression of miR-10b in otherwise non-metastatic breast tumours initiates robust invasion and metastasis
Raising the estimate of functional human sequences
abc01 submitted, created time 1 year 3 months (www.genome.org)
"These study analyses also do not detect functional sequences that are evolving rapidly and/or have acquired lineage-specific functions. Indeed, many regulatory sequences and known functional noncoding RNAs, including many microRNAs, are not conserved over significant evolutionary distances, and recent evidence from the ENCODE project suggests that many functional elements show no detectable level of sequence constraint. "
New Genetic Marker Characterizes Aggressiveness Of Cancer Cells
gh0706 submitted, created time 1 year 5 months (www.sciencedaily.com)
By suppressing genes that are active in the developing embryo, silenced just before birth, and re-activated years later in many advanced cancers, the let-7 family of "microRNAs"--tiny snippets of RNA that can put the brakes on expression of selected genes--appears to prevent human cancer cells from reasserting their prenatal capacity to divide rapidly, travel and spread. Peter and colleagues focused their initial studies on a standard panel, known as NCI60, of 60 human tumor cell lines that can genetically be divided into two large groups, which they called superclusters 1 and 2
The Coming of Age for Piwi Proteins
DanyC submitted, created time 1 year 5 months (www.molecule.org)
"Piwi proteins, a subfamily of Argonaute (Ago) proteins, have recently been shown to bind endogenous small RNAs. However, differences between Ago proteins (which bind microRNAs and small interfering RNAs) and Piwi proteins and Piwi-interacting RNAs (piRNAs) suggest novel functions for Piwi proteins. Here, researchers highlight the recent progress in understanding Piwi function and the implications for germline and stem cell development."
Common Cancer Gene Sends Death Order To Tiny Killer
cappuccion submitted, created time 1 year 5 months (www.medicalnewstoday.com)
The research team identified a tiny bit of genetic code, a microRNA called miR-34a that participates in p53's uncanny ability to kill cells likely to become malignant because of damaged genes in their nuclei. MicroRNAs are small chains of ribonucleic acid (RNA) made by the same machinery that produces other types of RNA in the cell, such as the messenger RNAs that carry the instructions to make proteins. Once produced, microRNAs stick to messenger RNAs and, like crumpled paper jammed in a copy machine, prevent proteins from being made.
Mechanism Of MicroRNAs Mystery Deciphered
bioman submitted, created time 1 year 6 months (www.medicalnewstoday.com)
Researchers from the European Molecular Biology Laboratory (EMBL) have developed a new method that uncovered the mode of action of microRNAs in a test tube. The study, which is published in the current online issue of Nature, reveals that microRNAs block the initiation of translation, the earliest step in the process that turns genetic information stored on messenger RNAs into proteins.
How MicroRNAs Block Protein Synthesis
dovechocolate submitted, created time 1 year 6 months (www.sciencedaily.com)
Over 30% of our genes are under the control of small molecules called microRNAs. They prevent specific genes from being turned into protein and regulate many crucial processes like cell division and development, but how they do so has remained unclear. Now researchers from the European Molecular Biology Laboratory [EMBL] have developed a new method that uncovered the mode of action of microRNAs in a test tube
MicroRNAs can be tumor suppressors
fiona submitted, created time 1 year 7 months (www.biologynews.net)
"University of Virginia researchers have discovered that microRNAs, a form of genetic material, can function as tumor suppressors in laboratory studies. "
MicroRNAs As Tumor Suppressors
cappuccion submitted, created time 1 year 7 months (www.medicalnewstoday.com)
"Overexpression of HMGA2 is an important feature of many medically important tumors like uterine fibroids.It is very exciting to realize that microRNAs have an important role in suppressing the overexpression of HMGA2, and so may have a role in the causation and perhaps the cure of a disease that is responsible for the vast majority of hysterectomies in the Western world."
Rapid evolution of an X-linked microRNA cluster in primates
angelfish submitted, created time 1 year 7 months (www.genome.org)
"MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are a growing class of small RNAs (about 22 nt) that play crucial regulatory roles in the genome by targeting mRNAs for cleavage or translational repression. Most of the identified miRNAs are highly conserved among species, indicating strong functional constraint on miRNA evolution. However, nonconserved miRNAs may contribute to functional novelties during evolution. Recently, an X-linked miRNA cluster was reported with multiple copies in primates but not in rodents or dog
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