ETosis: A Novel Cell Death Pathway

jerry submitted, created time 5 months 4 weeks (stke.sciencemag.org)

The formation of extracellular traps (ETs) by neutrophils and mast cells is an important mechanism in the innate immune response. These structures consist of a chromatin-DNA backbone with attached antimicrobial peptides and enzymes that trap and kill microbes. After stimulation of neutrophils and mast cells with phorbol esters, chemoattractant peptides, or chemokines, the generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS), such as hydrogen peroxide, by NAPDH oxidase initiates a signaling cascade that leads to the disintegration of the nuclear and cellular membranes and the formation of ETs

Submit comment | Blog It | Email It | Keywords: leukocytes necrosis neutrophils apoptosis ETosis Cell death

Cell death by necrosis: towards a molecular definition

Vincent submitted, created time 8 months 2 weeks (images.cell.com)

Necrosis has been defined as a type of cell death that
lacks the features of apoptosis and autophagy, and is
usually considered to be uncontrolled. Recent research
suggests, however, that its occurrence and course might
be tightly regulated. After signaling- or damage-induced
lesions, necrosis can include signs of controlled processes
such as mitochondrial dysfunction, enhanced
generation of reactive oxygen species, ATP depletion,
proteolysis by calpains and cathepsins, and early plasma
membrane rupture

3 comments | Blog It | Email It | Keywords: apoptosis cancer tumors necrosis

New Form of Cell Death Discovered

Constitutive activation of a plasma membrane H+-ATPase prevents abscisic acid-mediated stomatal closure

addict submitted, created time 1 year 5 months (www.nature.com)

We report two dominant mutations in the OPEN STOMATA2 (OST2) locus of Arabidopsis that completely abolish stomatal response to ABA, but importantly, to a much lesser extent the responses to CO2 and darkness. The OST2 gene encodes the major plasma membrane H+-ATPase AHA1, and both mutations cause constitutive activity of this pump, leading to necrotic lesions. H+-ATPases have been traditionally assumed to be general endpoints of all signaling pathways affecting membrane polarization and transport

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Loss of aquaporin 4 in lesions of neuromyelitis optica: distinction from multiple sclerosis

julie submitted, created time 1 year 6 months (brain.oxfordjournals.org)

”The present study demonstrated that the immunoreactivities of AQP4 and GFAP were consistently lost from the early stage of the lesions in NMO, notably in the perivascular regions with complement and immunoglobulin deposition. These features in NMO were distinct from those of MS and infarction as well as normal controls, and suggest that astrocytic impairment associated with the loss of AQP4 and humoral immunity may be important in the pathogenesis of NMO lesions. "

1 comment | Blog It | Email It | Keywords: neuromyelitis optica multiple sclerosis aquaporin 4 astrocyte necrosis