Articles with the keyword: 
Adult Brain Neurons Can Remodel Connections
piggy submitted, created time 3 days 22 hours (www.sciencedaily.com)
Overturning a century of prevailing thought, scientists are finding that neurons in the adult brain can remodel their connections. In work reported in the Nov. 24 online edition of the Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, Elly Nedivi, associate professor of neurobiology at the Picower Institute for Learning and Memory, and colleagues found that a type of neuron implicated in autism spectrum disorders remodels itself in a strip of brain tissue only as thick as four sheets of tissue paper at the upper border of cortical layer 2 
Brain reorganizes to make room for math
sea-maid submitted, created time 1 week 2 days (www.sciencenews.org)
It takes years for children to master the ins and outs of arithmetic. New research indicates that this learning process triggers a large-scale reorganization of brain processes involved in understanding written symbols for various quantities.
According to this article, when adults work on math problems, they show activity in a part of the brain known to be associated with linking written symbols to the things they represent, like numerical values, words, and musical notes
Brain Reorganizes to Adjust for Loss of Vision
piggy submitted, created time 1 week 3 days (www.sciencedaily.com)
A new study from Georgia Tech shows that when patients with macular degeneration focus on using another part of their retina to compensate for their loss of central vision, their brain seems to compensate by reorganizing its neural connections. Age–related macular degeneration is the leading cause of blindness in the elderly. The study appears in the December edition of the journal Restorative Neurology and Neuroscience
Enzyme Discovery May Lead to Better Heart and Stroke Treatments
piggy submitted, created time 1 week 4 days (www.sciencedaily.com)
A Queen's University study sheds new light on the way one of our cell enzymes, implicated in causing tissue damage after heart attacks and strokes, is normally kept under control.
Led by Biochemistry professor Peter Davies, the research team's discovery will be useful in developing new drug treatments that can aid recovery in stroke and heart disease, as well as lessen the effects of Alzheimer's and other neurologically degenerative diseases
Brain–machine interfaces: Back in control
sea-maid submitted, created time 1 week 5 days (www.nature.com)
Spinal cord injury disrupts the pathway between brain and muscle, causing paralysis. One potential strategy for treatment is to use a brain–machine interface to route control signals from the brain directly to the muscles, bypassing the site of injury. For the first time, Moritz and colleagues have shown that an artificial device can compensate for paralysis in monkeys
Neurodegenerative disease: Giving survival a boost
sea-maid submitted, created time 1 week 5 days (www.nature.com)
Although it is the selective death of motor neurons that ultimately causes the symptoms of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), the disease also renders other spinal cord cells, including astrocytes, dysfunctional. Maragakis and colleagues have now shown that the replacement of damaged astrocytes through precursor cell transplantation might be a useful therapeutic strategy for ALS.
The authors transplanted glial restricted precursors (GRPs) into the grey matter of the spinal cord in a transgenic rat model of ALS
Newborn Neurons in Adult Brain Can Settle in the Wrong Neighborhood
piggy submitted, created time 1 week 6 days (www.sciencedaily.com)
In a study that could have significant consequences for neural tissue transplantation strategies, researchers at the Salk Institute for Biological Studies report that inactivating a specific gene in adult neural stem cells makes nerve cells emerging from those precursors form connections in the wrong part of the adult brain.
Researchers, led by Fred H. Gage, Ph.D
Light Triggers New Code for Brain Cells
piggy submitted, created time 2 weeks 3 days (www.sciencedaily.com)
Brain cells can adopt a new chemical code in response to cues from the outside world, scientists working with tadpoles at the University of California, San Diego report in the journal Nature.
The discovery opens the possibility that brain chemistry could be selectively altered by stimulating specific circuits to remedy low levels of neural chemicals that underlie some human ailments.
Dark tadpoles don pale camouflage when exposed to bright light
Bayer drug delays MS in half of patients-MRI study
sea-maid submitted, created time 2 weeks 5 days (www.alertnet.org)
A long-term study of brain scans in multiple sclerosis patients showed only about half of the patients who took the drug interferon beta 1-b got a long-lasting benefit, U.S. researchers said on Monday.
Patients in the small, three-year study were treated with the Bayer drug, which is sold under the trade name Betaseron in the United States or Betaferon elsewhere.
The drug is designed to reduce the number of disease flareups.
Multiple sclerosis occurs when the immune system attacks the myelin sheath protecting nerve cells. It affects 2
sea-maid submitted, created time 3 weeks 2 days (sciencenow.sciencemag.org)
When it comes to the neurobiology of memory, the hippocampus typically gets most of the credit. But although this brain region is crucial for recording new memories, like the name of someone you just met at a bar, people with a damaged hippocampus can still recall memories from days of old. Many neuroscientists believe this is because lasting memories get shifted to the cerebral cortex for permanent storage. Little is known about how this might happen, but a study in today's issue of Science provides some clues.
Social Interactions Can Alter Gene Expression in Brain, and Vice Versa
piggy submitted, created time 3 weeks 4 days (www.sciencedaily.com)
ScienceDaily (Nov. 7, 2008) — Our DNA determines a lot about who we are and how we play with others, but recent studies of social animals (birds and bees, among others) show that the interaction between genes and behavior is more of a two-way street than most of us realize.
This is not a new idea to neuroscience, but one that is gaining strength, said University of Illinois entomology and neuroscience professor Gene Robinson, lead author of a review on the subject this week in the journal Science
Molecular Motor Tied to Memory
sea-maid submitted, created time 1 month 1 day (sciencenow.sciencemag.org)
How does the brain record a memory? Somehow our experiences and interactions can be imprinted in the mind, but exactly how neurons alter their connections to enable memory has been murky. Now a team of researchers out of Duke University say they have identified the molecular machinery that links experience with learning--and it all comes down to one microscopic motor.
Aggressive Phototherapy No Bonus for the Tiniest Babies
piggy submitted, created time 1 month 1 day (www.medpagetoday.com)
HOUSTON, Oct. 29 -- For infants weighing 1,000 g or less, aggressive phototherapy was no better at reducing death rates or neurodevelopmental impairment than conservative treatment, a randomized trial found.
Aggressive treatment was effective in reducing neurodevelopmental impairment alone, but a subgroup analysis suggested that this benefit may have been offset by a tendency toward an increase in mortality among infants weighing only 501 g to 750 g at birth, said Jon E. Tyson, M.D., M.P.H., of the University of Texas, and colleagues
Maintaining a Healthy Balance in the Brain
piggy submitted, created time 1 month 1 day (sciencenow.sciencemag.org)
Imagine the chaos if all traffic lights suddenly went red in a city. The same can apply to the brain, which needs a regulated flow of information to learn and make memories. New research published in the 31 October issue of Cell unveils how a neural stop signal goes askew in neurofibromatosis, one of the most common genetic causes of learning disabilities in humans.
Neurofibromatosis typically produces fibrous lumps in nerve fibers, some of them visible on the skin
sea-maid submitted, created time 1 month 2 weeks (www.nature.com)
Since the time of ancient Egypt, societies have struggled to understand mental illness and to care for those affected by it. But, over the millennia, the idea that mental illness might have a biological cause arose only intermittently, and treatments ranged from the benign (exercise, humour and music) to the barbaric (exorcism, imprisonment and lobotomy). By the mid-twentieth century, however, several breakthroughs had been made
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