Tumor Cell Metabolism: Cancer's Achilles' Heel

jerry submitted, created time 6 months 3 weeks (www.sciencedirect.com)

In this paper, scientists review the peculiarities of tumor cell metabolism that might be taken advantage of for cancer treatment. Specifically, they discuss the alterations in signal transduction pathways and/or enzymatic machineries that account for metabolic reprogramming of transformed cells.

2 comments | Blog It | Email It | Keywords: signal transduction cancer tumors Cancer Cells tumor cells

Functional analysis of cotton orthologs of GA signal transduction factors GID1 and SLR1

kavin submitted, created time 7 months 1 week (www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov)

As we know, gibberellic acid (GA) is both necessary and sufficient to promote fiber elongation in cultured fertilized ovules of the upland cotton variety Coker 312. The researchers's results indicate that the initiation of fiber elongation by the application of GA to cultured ovules corresponds with increased expression of genes that encode xyloglucan endotransglycosylase/hydrolase (XTH) and expansin (EXP) that are involved in promoting cell elongation.

1 comment | Blog It | Email It | Keywords: botany agriculture crop plants GID1 signal transduction orthologs cotton Functional analysis SLR1 GID cotton orthologs

Phosphoinositide signalling links O-GlcNAc transferase to insulin resistance

DanyC submitted, created time 8 months 3 weeks (www.nature.com)

"Here we show that O-GlcNAc transferase (OGT) harbours a previously unrecognized type of phosphoinositide-binding domain. After induction with insulin, phosphatidylinositol 3,4,5-trisphosphate recruits OGT from the nucleus to the plasma membrane, where the enzyme catalyses dynamic modification of the insulin signalling pathway by O-GlcNAc. This results in the alteration in phosphorylation of key signalling molecules and the attenuation of insulin signal transduction."

Submit comment | Blog It | Email It | Keywords: O-GlcNAc transferase phosphoinositides signal transduction O-GlcNAc insulin IRAP insulin-regulated aminopeptidase insulin receptors OGT

SINTBAD, a novel component of innate antiviral immunity, shares a TBK1-binding domain with NAP1 and TANK

diggman submitted, created time 1 year 6 months (www.nature.com)

The expression of antiviral genes during infection is controlled by inducible transcription factors such as IRF3 (interferon regulatory factor). Activation of IRF3 requires its phosphorylation by TBK1 (TANK-binding kinase) or IKKi (inhibitor of nuclear factor kappaB kinase, inducible). We have identified a new and essential component of this pathway, the adaptor protein SINTBAD (similar to NAP1 TBK1 adaptor).

Submit comment | Blog It | Email It | Keywords: antiviral response innate immunity signal transduction

Research identifies protein that signals flowering in squash plants

cappuccion submitted, created time 1 year 7 months (www.physorg.com)

This research provides some of the most solid evidence to date that FT protein acts as a florigenic signal. The length of the day relative to night, or photoperiod, is a strong determining factor for the induction of flowering in many plant species. Short day (SD) plants require a short day length (or more precisely, a long night) in order to flower.

Submit comment | Blog It | Email It | Keywords: signal transduction

Cys-Oxidation of Protein Tyrosine Phosphatases: Its Role in Regulation of Signal Transduction and Its Involvement in Human Cancers

MedUnion submitted, created time 1 year 8 months (www.mupnet.com)

Reactive oxygen species (ROS) are currently viewed as secondary messengers that control signal transduction through the post-translational modifications of Cys-oxidation in targeting proteins. The physiological levels of ROS are generated in response to stimulation induced by extracellular ligands. Due to the labile feature of ROS, the effect of protein oxidation is normally transient. Such a character is essential for the precise control of redox-dependent signaling homeostasis

Submit comment | Blog It | Email It | Keywords: Cys-oxidation protein tyrosine phosphatase protein tyrosine kinase reactive oxygen species signal transduction

Human osteosarcoma cells express NF-kappa B

BIOBOSS submitted, created time 1 year 10 months (www3.interscience.wiley.com)

This study is the first report of functional RANK expression in human osteosarcoma cells: this strengthens the involvement of the RANK-RANKL-OPG axis in primary bone tumour biology and identifies novel therapeutic approaches targeting RANK-positive osteosarcoma.

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Intersection of Signal Transduction Pathways and Development

biscuits submitted, created time 1 year 10 months (arjournals.annualreviews.org)

One of the challenges of modern biology is to understand how cells within a developing organism generate, integrate, and respond to dynamic informational cues. Based on over two decades of intensive research, many parts and subroutines of the responsible signal transduction networks have been identified and functionally characterized. From this work, it has become evident that a complicated interplay between signaling pathways, involving extensive feedback regulation and multiple levels of cross-talk, underlies even the "simplest" developmental decision

Submit comment | Blog It | Email It | Keywords: Signal pathway epidermal growth factor receptor tyrosin signal transduction

RIBOSOME DYNAMICS: Insights from Atomic Structure Modeling into Cryo-Electron Microscopy Maps

biscuits submitted, created time 1 year 11 months (arjournals.annualreviews.org)

Interpretation of cryo-EM reconstructions of the ribosome in quasi-atomic detail reveals a picture in which the ribosome uses RNA not only to catalyze chemical reactions, but also as a means for signal transduction over large distances.

Submit comment | Blog It | Email It | Keywords: Ribosome cryo-EM RNA signal transduction translation