Articles with the keyword:
12

Epigenetics: Study identifies the genes and epigenetic factors that make hybrids infertile

Darkfrog submitted, created time 3 weeks 6 days (www.nature.com)

Geneticists out of the Czech Republic's Academy of Sciences have identified the gene that makes hybrids infertile. They're calling it Prdm9. This is the first time that such a gene has been identified in mammals. (Fruit flies are known to have comparable genes.)

One of the definitions of a species is a group of organisms that can reproduce and create fertile young. The offspring of say, a horse and a donkey or a lion and a tiger tend to be sterile. (Polar bears and grizzly bears produce non-sterile hybrids, so many teachers add the caveat "in the wild

19

Don't Judge a Worm by its Color

jerry submitted, created time 2 months 3 weeks (sciencenow.sciencemag.org)

The differences between a tiger and a lion are easy to spot. But even to the trained eye, two species of earthworms can be tough to tell apart. Indeed, what was previously thought to be one species of common garden worm may in fact be four, according to research published online 8 October in Molecular Ecology. The surprising findings, say the ecologists who authored the report, may have implications for the use of pesticides in agriculture...

7

Red Fish, Blue Fish, One Fish Becomes Two Fish

sea-maid submitted, created time 3 months 6 days (sciencenow.sciencemag.org)

Changes in vision lead to new species in cichlids in a form of sexual selection not usually seen (or at least not usually recognized).

10

Global biodiversity slumps 27% in 35 years

sea-maid submitted, created time 7 months 3 weeks (www.newscientist.com)

From this study, the latest data on the global biodiversity of vertebrates shows that it has fallen by almost one-third in the last 35 years. But experts say it may still underestimate the effect humans have had on global species counts.

6

The Case of the Half-Blood Bug

davidd submitted, created time 8 months 4 weeks (sciencenow.sciencemag.org)

The ubiquitous microbes have such a messy family tree--with various types of sexual reproduction and genes jumping between distantly related bacteria--that the very concept of a microbial species is in doubt. Now, a genetic study of the microbes predicts that some bacteria will "despeciate."

5

The rapid evolution of the tuatara

siemens submitted, created time 9 months 1 week (www.nature.com)

In a paper published this month in Trends in Genetics 1, the researchers show that the rate of molecular evolution in the reptile is among the fastest yet observed for any vertebrate.But the results contradict the theory that cold-blooded animals with slow metabolisms evolve more slowly than their warm-blooded counterparts.
Without question, there is much to learn about the rates of evolution from such studies.

5

Evolution of New Species Slows Down as Number of Competitors Increases

Eric wu submitted, created time 9 months 1 week (www.sciencedaily.com)

The rate at which new species are formed out of a group of closely related animals decreases as the total number of different species in that group goes up, according to new research.

8

Six New Prehistoric Bat Species Discovered in Egypt

DanyC submitted, created time 10 months 1 day (news.nationalgeographic.com)

The new species were found by experts who analyzed 33 fossils—including teeth and jawbones—that had been unearthed over a period of decades in El Faiyum, an oasis region 50 miles southwest of Cairo

6

Giant frog found in Madagascar

sumsung submitted, created time 10 months 3 weeks (www.nature.com)

A giant frog that hopped around Madagascar 65–70 million years ago has been discovered. Fossil fragments show that the frog, called Beelzebufo ampinga, could have measured 20 centimeters across its squat head, and probably more than 40 centimeters from snout to tail. The researchers nicknamed the monstrous beast "the frog from hell"; the official name comes from one of the many names for the devil (Beelzebub) and the Latin for "toad" (bufo).

5

Another Big Bang for Biology

Eric wu submitted, created time 1 year 4 days (sciencenow.sciencemag.org)

Researchers have uncovered what they think is a sudden diversification of life at least 30 million years before the Cambrian period, the time when most of the major living groups of animals emerged. If confirmed, the find reinforces the idea that major evolutionary innovations occurred in bursts.

7

Meet the Beetles--And Their Crazy Family Tree

asuser submitted, created time 1 year 2 weeks (sciencenow.sciencemag.org)

DNA analysis clears up thousands of beetle relationships and reveals some surprises about their evolution.

12

Auto immune response creates barrier to fertility; could be a step in speciation

bianjie submitted, created time 1 year 4 months (www.eurekalert.org)

Plant biologists at the Max Planck Institute of Developmental Biology and the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill have discovered that an autoimmune response, triggered by a small number of genes, can be a barrier to producing a viable offspring. This could be a newly identified step toward speciation.

6

Rapid Evolution of Outer Egg Membrane Proteins in the Drosophila melanogaster Subgroup: A Case of Ecologically Driven Evolution of Female Reproductive Traits

alpha submitted, created time 1 year 9 months (mbe.oxfordjournals.org)

"Although sexual selection has been predominantly used to explain the rapid evolution of sexual traits, eggs of oviparous organisms directly face both the challenges of sexual selection as well as natural selection (environmental challenges, survival in niches, etc.). Being the outermost membrane in most insect eggs, the chorion layer is the interface between the embryo and the environment, thereby serving to protect the egg

5

Temper your enthusiasm for the tropics: moderate climates show great biodiversity

Hecate submitted, created time 1 year 9 months (www.nature.com)

I remember reading about this a long time ago. The Kitlope watershed, in Canada, was called a "northern rainforest," because even though it had fewer species overall, those species were more distantly related. This seems to contradict that in some ways. The article describes evolution moving at a faster pace in areas where the seasons change.

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