Articles with the keyword: 
Brain–machine interfaces: Back in control
sea-maid submitted, created time 1 month 2 weeks (www.nature.com)
Spinal cord injury disrupts the pathway between brain and muscle, causing paralysis. One potential strategy for treatment is to use a brain–machine interface to route control signals from the brain directly to the muscles, bypassing the site of injury. For the first time, Moritz and colleagues have shown that an artificial device can compensate for paralysis in monkeys 
Stem cell therapy clinical trial halted by the FDA
Darkfrog submitted, created time 7 months 2 weeks (www.nature.com)
The FDA has put the brakes on a clinical trial, mentioned on DiscoveR8 a few months ago: Geron company in California wants to inject the spines of spinal injury patients with oligodendroglial progenitor cells grown from embryonic stem cells.
At first I thought, "Good, a little caution never hurt anyone," but then I read that this trial has been in the works for four years. You know what? That four-year delay probably has hurt someone.
The FDA has NOT STATED ITS REASONS for the delay
A gastrin-releasing peptide receptor mediates the itch sensation in the spinal cord.
grpr submitted, created time 1 year 3 months (www.nature.com)
Why do we scratch remains a mystery. Now scientists from Washington University find the first itch gene in the central nervous system. The itch gene is GRPR (gastrin-releasing peptide receptor), and is expressed in a very small subset of cells in the spinal cord. Mice lacking GRPR do not scratch as well as their wild-type littermates, but they respond normally to painful stimuli. On the other hand, injection of GRP, a peptide that binds to the receptor, into the mice induces robust scratching activity. GRPR could be a potential target for anti-itching drugs.
jiangyun submitted, created time 1 year 4 months (www.pnas.org)
Estrogen is known to influence pain, but the specific roles of the two estrogen receptors (ERs) in the spinal cord are unknown. In the present study, we have examined the expression of ER and ER in the spinal cord and have looked for defects in pain pathways in ER knockout (ER–/–) mice. In the spinal cords of 10-month-old WT mice, ER-positive cells were localized in lamina II, whereas ER-positive cells were mainly localized in lamina I
Radiation therapy combined with microsurgery shows promise for curing injured spinal cord
sumsung submitted, created time 1 year 5 months (www.eurekalert.org)
Research on rats with crushed spinal cords, similar to human injury, reveals that treatment soon after injury combining radiation therapy to destroy harmful cells and microsurgery to drain excess fluids significantly increases the body ability to repair the injured cord leading to permanent recovery from injury, according to the study published in the July 18 peer-reviewed journal PLoS ONE.
News tips from the Neuroscience
bianjie submitted, created time 1 year 5 months (www.eurekalert.org)
In this issue: BMP signaling and synaptic plasticity, Reducing oligodendrocyte apoptosis after spinal cord injury, News for the left-handed, and The benefits of sleep in a mouse model of HD.
Researchers use MRI to predict recovery after spinal cord injury
medal submitted, created time 1 year 7 months (www.biologynews.net)
"Using magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), radiologists can better predict the likelihood of full or partial recovery of patients with acute spinal cord injuries (SCI), according to a study published in the June issue of the journal Radiology. "
badboy submitted, created time 1 year 7 months (www.jneurosci.org)
" There was no mechanosensory improvement with single-bolus TrkB-Fc infusions at 10 d after DRI (despite significantly reducing rhizotomy-induced cold pain), indicating that neuromodulatory effects of BDNF did not underlie mechanosensory recovery. Continuous infusion of the pan-neurotrophin antagonist K252a also stimulated behavioral and anatomical plasticity, indicating that these effects of TrkB-Fc treatment occurred independent of signaling by other neurotrophins
athena submitted, created time 1 year 8 months (www.jneurosci.org)
"TRPA1 is expressed in primary sensory neurons and hair cells, and it is proposed to be activated by cold stimuli, mechanical stimuli, or pungent ingredients. However, its role in regulating synaptic transmission has never been documented yet."
athena submitted, created time 1 year 8 months (brain.oxfordjournals.org)
"Functional recovery after peripheral nerve repair in humans is often disappointing. A major reason for this is the inaccuracy of re-innervation of muscles and sensory structures.”
Inosine promotes recovery of skilled motor function in a model of focal brain injury
athena submitted, created time 1 year 8 months (brain.oxfordjournals.org)
"Recovery of function following traumatic brain injury (TBI) is partly through neuronal plasticity. However plasticity is limited in the adult CNS compared with young animals. In order to test whether treatments that enhance CNS plasticity might improve functional recovery after TBI, a new rat head injury model was developed, in which a computer-controlled impactor produced full thickness lesions of the forelimb region of the sensorimotor cortex. Behavioural deficits were seen in several sensorimotor tasks, most of which recovered spontaneously by 21 days.“
Fast and slow -- How the spinal cord controls the speed of movement
dovechocolate submitted, created time 1 year 10 months (www.physorg.com)
Using a state-of-the-art technique to map neurons in the spinal cord of a larval zebrafish, Cornell University scientists have found a surprising pattern of activity that regulates the speed of the fish’s movement. The research may have long-term implications for treating injured human spinal cords and Parkinson’s disease, where movements slow down and become erratic. The study, "A Topographic Map of Recruitment in Spinal Cord," maps how neurons in the bottom of the fish’s spinal cord become active during slow movements, while cells further up the spinal cord activate as movements speed up.
technology submitted, created time 1 year 10 months (www.physorg.com)
U.S. scientists say they have disproved the long-held theory that the spinal cord is incapable of repairing itself. The Johns Hopkins University researchers say human nerve stem cells they transplanted into damaged spinal cords of rats have survived, grown and in some cases connected with the rats' own spinal cord cells.
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