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13

Brain–machine interfaces: Back in control

sea-maid submitted, created time 1 month 2 weeks (www.nature.com)

Spinal cord injury disrupts the pathway between brain and muscle, causing paralysis. One potential strategy for treatment is to use a brain–machine interface to route control signals from the brain directly to the muscles, bypassing the site of injury. For the first time, Moritz and colleagues have shown that an artificial device can compensate for paralysis in monkeys

6

Evolution cause Mom in a Full, Upright Position

Eric wu submitted, created time 1 year 3 weeks (sciencenow.sciencemag.org)

Gravity is not kind to the pregnant woman. With 7-plus kilograms added to her tummy, a soon-to-be mother must stretch her lower back to balance the bulge. Now, a study suggests that women's spines evolved to help them carry the extra weight. The findings show how the need to reproduce can drive evolution, say the authors, but some scientists argue that the changes in the spine stem from an already well-explained phenomenon.

7

How women bend over backwards for baby

jane2007 submitted, created time 1 year 3 weeks (www.nature.com)

Researchers have found that the vertebrae that make up a woman’s spine have evolved to give her more support, probably to help her cope during pregnancy. The results hold true for modern mothers as well as those of their ancient ancestors, Australopithecus, who lived more than two million years ago. Vertebrae in men lack these features.

5

Sodium channels amplify spine potentials

sumsung submitted, created time 1 year 5 months (www.pnas.org)

Dendritic spines mediate most excitatory synapses in the brain. Past theoretical work and recent experimental evidence have suggested that spines could contain sodium channels.

6

Intensive training of young tennis players causes spinal damage

bianjie submitted, created time 1 year 5 months (www.eurekalert.org)

The intensive training given to young elite tennis players damages their spines, shows research published ahead of print in the British Journal of Sports Medicine. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scans of young elite tennis players with no symptoms of pain showed a variety of spinal abnormalities in the lower back, some of which were irreparable.

7

Schwarzenegger laments steroids in his own contest

catherine submitted, created time 1 year 10 months (www.sciam.com)

Some contestants in the largest annual celebration of bodybuilding starting on Friday will likely be on steroids, highlighting how hard it is to keep performance-enhancing drugs out of sport, Arnold Schwarzenegger said of the contest that bears his name.
The question always is if random testing ... really works 100 percent," Schwarzenegger said in an interview on Thursday. "I believe they can slip through it. I bcelieve that we have athletes on the stage that are taking things

7

Spiky oddball prowled ocean half billion years ago

catherine submitted, created time 1 year 10 months (www.sciam.com)

A spectacularly quirky creature with long, curved spines protruding from its armored body prowled the ocean floor half a billion years ago near the dawn of complex life forms on Earth, scientists said.

In research appearing in Friday's edition of the journal Science, scientists identified an ancient invertebrate they named Orthrozanclus reburrus from 11 complete fossils retrieved from Canada's fossil-rich Burgess Shale rock formation

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