Articles with the keyword: 
Cancer drug effectively treats transplant rejections
sea-maid submitted, created time 1 week 4 days (esciencenews.com)
University of Cincinnati (UC) researchers have discovered a new therapy for transplant patients, targeting the antibody-producing plasma cells that can cause organ rejection. 
Zinc-finger proteins turn T-cells HIV-resistant
Darkfrog submitted, created time 6 months 6 days (www.nature.com)
ZInc-finger proteins occur naturally in human cells and regulate gene activity. Researchers out of California's Sangamo Biosciences have figured out how to use these proteins to disrupt and disable specific genes. The kicker? When the gene in question is CCR5, human T-cells suddenly become resistant to infection with HIV.
At this point, any practical treatment would involve removing (or growing) the patient's own T-cells, treating them with zinc finger proteins, and then re0injecting the patient. Cumbersome, but possible
Cytokines as Therapeutic Targets: Advances and Limitations
jerry submitted, created time 7 months 3 weeks (www.immunity.com)
Biological therapies targeting cytokines, T cells, or B cells have improved outcomes of inflammatory diseases. However, many issues remain open: What is the best target? How well can response be predicted? How can cure be achieved?
This article will answer these questions.
IL-21 mediated FoxP3 suppression leads to enhanced generation of antigen-specific CD8+ CTL
salut8 submitted, created time 1 year 3 months (bloodjournal.hematologylibrary.org)
"Efforts to reproducibly isolate tumor antigen-specific T cells from patients would be facilitated by removing immunoregulatory barriers. Using a human model for eliciting T cell responses to tumor-associated antigens, Yongqing Li and Cassian Yee develop a novel strategy that eliminates nearly all FoxP3-expressing cells through the combination of CD25 depletion and IL-21 treatment resulting in a > 150-fold decrease in FoxP3+ cells to virtually undetectable levels and a > 200 -fold increase in antigen-specific CTL
diefish submitted, created time 1 year 5 months (www.biomedcentral.com)
"The frequencies of IFN-gamma producing specific T cells, the IFN-gamma secretion and the production of IgG3 after Erp stimulation are higher in LTBI subjects than in TB patients, whereas PPD and ESAT-6 are not.'
bianjie submitted, created time 1 year 5 months (www.pnas.org)
Mycobacterium bovis bacille Calmette-Guérin (BCG) is the most widely used live bacterial vaccine. However, limited information is available correlating route and dose of vaccination and induction of specific T cell responses with protection against tuberculosis.
captainclaw submitted, created time 1 year 5 months (www.jem.org)
"It has been suggested that T cell immunoglobulin mucin (Tim)-1 expressed on T cells serves to positively costimulate T cell responses. However, crosslinking of Tim-1 by its ligand Tim-4 resulted in either activation or inhibition of T cell responses, thus raising the issue of whether Tim-1 can have a dual function as a costimulator. To resolve this issue, they tested a series of monoclonal antibodies specific for Tim-1 and identified two antibodies that showed opposite functional effects
annatto submitted, created time 1 year 5 months (www.jem.org)
"The contributions of different subsets of memory CD8+ T cells to recall responses at mucosal sites of infection are poorly understood. Here, we analyzed the CD8+ T cell recall responses to respiratory virus infection in mice and demonstrate that activation markers, such as CD27 and CD43, define three distinct subpopulations of memory CD8+ T cells that differ in their capacities to mount recall responses
angelfish submitted, created time 1 year 5 months (www.nature.com)
”They studied the effect of CTLA-4 blockade on graft-versus-leukemia and graft-versus-host responses in a mouse model of minor histocompatibility-mismatched bone marrow transplantation. Early CTLA-4 blockade induced acute graft-versus-host disease. Delayed CTLA-4 blockade resulted in a lethal condition with lymphosplenomegaly, but with stable mixed T-cell chimerism, unchanged alloreactive T-cell frequencies and absent anti-host reactivity in vitro. In contrast, multiorgan lymphoproliferative disease with autoimmune hepatitis and circulating anti-DNA auto-antibodies were documented
NF90 regulates inducible IL-2 gene expression in T cells
angelfish submitted, created time 1 year 7 months (www.jem.org)
"Compared with wild-type cells, T cells deficient in NF90 are impaired in ARRE and IL-2 transcriptional activation and IL-2 mRNA stabilization. Fetal liver cells from NF90 gene-targeted mice were transplanted into irradiated adult recombination activating gene (RAG)–2–/– and IL-2R{gamma}–/– mice deficient in T cells, B cells, and natural killer cells. NF90+/+- and NF90–/–-RAG chimeric mice showed grossly normal repopulation of the thymus and spleen, but only NF90–/– T cells were severely impaired in IL-2 gene expression
Glutamine regulates the human epithelial intestinal HCT-8 cell proteome under apoptotic conditions
DanyC submitted, created time 1 year 7 months (www.mcponline.org)
"Glutamine plays a key role in the metabolism of rapidly dividing cells, including enterocytes and lymphocytes, which may contribute to its beneficial clinical effects. Gut mucosal homeostasis is achieved through a balance between cell proliferation and apoptosis. In T cells, glutamine up-regulates anti-apoptotic proteins and down-regulates pro-apoptotic proteins. In gut mucosa, glutamine prevents apoptosis in rat epithelial cell lines, whereas glutamine starvation induces apoptosis through caspase activation
'Nurse cells' make life and death decisions for infection-fighting cells
julie submitted, created time 1 year 7 months (www.biologynews.net)
"Nurse cells" play an important role in deciding which developing infection-fighting cells, called T cells, live and which die, according to research funded by the National Science Foundation (NSF) and reported in the June issue of the journal Experimental Biology and Medicine.
newsdigg submitted, created time 1 year 8 months (www.sciencemag.org)
The adapter protein ADAP regulates T lymphocyte adhesion and activation. We present evidence for a previously unrecognized function for ADAP in regulating T cell receptor (TCR)–mediated activation of the transcription factor NF-{kappa}B. Stimulation of ADAP-deficient mouse T cells with antibodies to CD3 and CD28 resulted in impaired nuclear translocation of NF-{kappa}B, a reduced DNA binding, and delayed degradation and decreased phosphorylation of I{kappa}B (inhibitor of NF-{kappa}B). TCR-stimulated assembly of the CARMA1–BCL-10–MALT1 complex was substantially impaired in the absence of ADAP
Langerhans cells limit HIV invasion
Reviver submitted, created time 1 year 8 months (www.jcb.org)
"Asuspected entry route for HIV turns out to be a dead-end, report Lot de Witte, Teunis Geijtenbeek (VU University Medical Centre, Amsterdam, Netherlands), and colleagues. Langerhans cells, rather than transmitting the virus to T cells, trap HIV-1 and thus act as a barrier to infection. The primary targets for HIV-1 invasion are CD4-expressing T cells. HIV-1 uses the CD4 receptor to gain entry. The first immune cells that HIV-1 meets in the body's mucosa, however, are a subset of dendritic cells (DCs) called Langerhans cells (LCs)
penguin submitted, created time 1 year 9 months (bloodjournal.hematologylibrary.org)
Recent evidences indicate that NK cells can negatively regulate T cell responses, but the mechanisms behind this phenomenon as consequence of NK-T cell interaction are rather unknown. We studied the NKG2D/NKG2D ligands (NKG2DLs) interaction, and asked whether T cells in response to superantigen, alloantigen or a specific antigenic peptide expressed NKG2DLs and if this rendered them susceptible to NK lysis
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