Articles with the keyword: 
Rad6-Rad18 Mediates a Eukaryotic SOS Response
kavin submitted, created time 7 months 3 weeks (www.cell.com)
Bacteria employ a coordinated SOS response to DNA damage by enhancing transcription, translesion synthesis, and recombination; a similar phenomenon has not been reported in eukaryotes. Here, the researchers demonstrate that the ubiquitination complex Rad6-Rad18 is required for the increased transcription of a large number of yeast genes in response to DNA damage. 
Involvement of CBF Transcription Factors in Winter Hardiness in Birch
kavin submitted, created time 7 months 3 weeks (www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov)
Cold acclimation of plants involves extensive reprogramming of gene expression. And in the paper, the researchers suggest that in addition to their role in cold acclimation during the growing season birch CBFs appear to contribute to control of winter hardiness in birch.
jerry submitted, created time 7 months 4 weeks (www.cancercell.org)
This paper adds a new dimension to the relationship between the ubiquitin-proteasome system and epigenetic regulation of transcription.
These studies elucidated a critical means of regulation for REST, with implications for neuronal stem cell differentiation and the dual roles of this protein as a tumor suppressor and oncogene. These findings and their significance are discussed herein.
Applied Force Reveals Mechanistic and Energetic Details of Transcription Termination
davidd submitted, created time 8 months 4 weeks (www.cell.com)
Transcription termination by bacterial RNA polymerase (RNAP) occurs at sequences coding for a GC-rich RNA hairpin followed by a U-rich tract. They used single-molecule techniques to investigate the mechanism by which three representative terminators (his, t500, and tR2) destabilize the elongation complex (EC). And they propose a quantitative, energetic model that predicts the behavior for these terminators and mutant variants.
Why Your Fertility Cells Must Have Radio Silence
Eric wu submitted, created time 11 months 1 week (www.sciencedaily.com)
Researchers in Kobe, Japan, and Montreal, Canada, have uncovered a previously unknown mechanism which causes embryonic germ cells -- which later develop into sperm or ova -- to go through a period of "transcriptional silence," during which information from the cell's DNA cannot be copied. Without this important phase, unique to cells of this type, an organism produces sterile offspring.
A code for transcription initiation in mammalian genomes
Charles submitted, created time 11 months 3 weeks (www.genome.org)
Genome-wide detection of transcription start sites (TSSs) has revealed that RNA Polymerase II transcription initiates at millions of positions in mammalian genomes. Most core promoters do not have a single TSS, but an array of closely located TSSs with different rates of initiation. As a rule, genes have more than one such core promoter; however, defining the boundaries between core promoters is not trivial. These discoveries prompt a re-evaluation of our models for transcription initiation. We describe a new framework for understanding the organization of transcription initiation.
Human capping enzyme promotes formation of transcriptional R loops in vitro
bianjie submitted, created time 1 year 2 months (www.pnas.org)
Cap formation is the first step of pre-mRNA processing in eukaryotic cells. Immediately after transcription initiation, capping enzyme (CE) is recruited to RNA polymerase II (Pol II) by the phosphorylated carboxyl-terminal domain of the Pol II largest subunit (CTD), allowing cotranscriptional capping of the nascent pre-mRNA.
TFIIS elongation factor and Mediator act in conjunction during transcription initiation in vivo
bianjie submitted, created time 1 year 3 months (www.pnas.org)
The transcription initiation and elongation steps of protein-coding genes usually rely on unrelated protein complexes. However, the TFIIS elongation factor is implicated in both processes.
davis submitted, created time 1 year 3 months (www.pnas.org)
During mitosis in higher eukaryotic cells, transcription is silenced and transcription complexes are absent from promoters in the condensed chromosomes; however, epigenetic information concerning the pattern of expressed and silent genes must be preserved.
c-Myb regulates lineage choice in developing thymocytes via its target gene Gata3
jiangyun submitted, created time 1 year 3 months (www.nature.com)
During T-cell development, thymocytes with intermediate avidity for antigen–MHC complexes are positively selected and then differentiate into functional cytotoxic and helper T cells.
TRRAP and GCN5 are used by c-Myc to activate RNA polymerase III transcription
benjiamin submitted, created time 1 year 3 months (www.pnas.org)
Activation of RNA polymerase (pol) II transcription by c-Myc generally involves recruitment of histone acetyltransferases and acetylation of histones H3 and H4. Here, we describe the mechanism used by c-Myc to activate pol III transcription of tRNA and 5S rRNA genes.
jiangyun submitted, created time 1 year 4 months (www.pnas.org)
HIV-1 integrase, the viral enzyme responsible for provirus integration into the host genome, can be actively degraded by the ubiquitin–proteasome pathway. Here, we identify von Hippel–Lindau binding protein 1(VBP1), a subunit of the prefoldin chaperone, as an integrase cellular binding protein that bridges interaction between integrase and the cullin2 (Cul2)-based von Hippel–Lindau (VHL) ubiquitin ligase
HP1alpha guides neuronal fate by timing E2F-targeted genes silencing during terminal differentiation
bioman submitted, created time 1 year 5 months (www.nature.com)
A critical step of neuronal terminal differentiation is the permanent withdrawal from the cell cycle that requires the silencing of genes that drive mitosis. Here, we describe that the alpha isoform of the heterochromatin protein 1 (HP1) protein family exerts such silencing on several E2F-targeted genes. Among the different isoforms, HP1alpha levels progressively increase throughout differentiation and take over HP1gamma binding on E2F sites in mature neurons. When overexpressed, only HP1alpha is able to ensure a timed repression of E2F genes
annatto submitted, created time 1 year 6 months (www.jneurosci.org)
"Huntingtin is a protein that is mutated in Huntington's disease (HD), a dominant inherited neurodegenerative disorder. We previously proposed that, in addition to the gained toxic activity of the mutant protein, selective molecular dysfunctions in HD may represent the consequences of the loss of wild-type protein activity. We first reported that wild-type huntingtin positively affects the transcription of the brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) gene, a cortically derived survival factor for the striatal neurons that are mainly affected in the disease
The Sch9 kinase is a chromatin-associated transcriptional activator of osmostress-responsive genes
diggman submitted, created time 1 year 6 months (www.nature.com)
The yeast Sch9 kinase has been implicated in the cellular adjustment to nutrient availability and in the regulation of aging. Here, we define a novel role for Sch9 in the transcriptional activation of osmostress inducible genes. Loss-of-function mutants sch9 are sensitive to hyperosmotic stress and show an impaired transcriptional response upon osmotic shock of several defense genes.
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