1557 Articles with the topic: Biochemistry
Ancient Beavers Take Silver in Log-Chomping Olympics
sea-maid submitted, created time 3 weeks 1 day (sciencenow.sciencemag.org)
Call it The Great Gnaw-Off. By studying logs chomped nearly five million years ago, researchers have discovered that ancient beavers weren't nearly as expert lumberjacks as their modern cousins. Indeed, the evidence suggests that they would have been trounced by today's beavers in a tree-cutting Olympics. Researchers say the finding provides rare insight into how one of the animal kingdom's busiest critters may have shaped ancient landscapes 
Hot peppers really do bring the heat
sea-maid submitted, created time 1 month 1 day (www.eurekalert.org)
Researchers have found that capsaicin, the active chemical in chili peppers, can induce thermogenesis, the process by which cells convert energy into heat.
Researchers unveil vital key to cancer
sea-maid submitted, created time 1 month 1 day (www.manchester.ac.uk)
University of Manchester scientists have uncovered the 3D structure of Mps1 – a protein that regulates the number of chromosomes during cell division and thus has an essential role in the prevention of cancer – which will lead to the design of safer and more effective therapies.
Drugs turn "couch potato" mice into long-distance runners
sea-maid submitted, created time 1 month 4 days (www.nature.com)
In a study published today in the journal Cell, scientists say they have found the first targeted drugs that boost endurance. They are already working with the World Anti-Doping Agency (WADA) to develop tests to expose would-be cheats who use the drugs.
Consent issues restrict stem-cell use and research
sea-maid submitted, created time 1 month 1 week (www.nature.com)
Some researchers in Stanford University are told that around one-quarter of the human embryonic stem-cell lines eligible for U.S. government funding are now off-limits because of ethical concerns. The university is concerned that some of the women who donated the embyros that were used to generate the line might not have been fully informed of how they would be used.
The consent forms that the women signed were retrieved and it was found that none of them met Standford's guidelines exactly and some of them were way off the mark
Enzyme structure reveals key ingredients for making hydrogen
sea-maid submitted, created time 1 month 1 week (www.nature.com)
Iron and carbon monoxide are the crucial ingredients that nature uses to process hydrogen, according to researchers. Resolving the structure of the last of the three known hydrogenase enzymes has excited chemists, who are keen to follow nature’s clear advice and develop their own hydrogen catalysts for energy applications.
Brain electrodes tackle severe depression
sea-maid submitted, created time 1 month 1 week (www.nature.com)
Severely depressed patients who do not respond to conventional therapy may be helped by deep brain stimulation (DBS), according to the most-extensive study to date of the experimental procedure
The SNARE Complex from Yeast Is Partially Unstructured on the Membrane
jerry submitted, created time 1 month 3 weeks (www.structure.org)
Molecular recognition between cognate SNAREs leads to the formation of a four-helix bundle, which facilitates vesicle docking and membrane fusion. For a SNARE system involved in trafficking in yeast, target membrane (t-) SNARE Sso1p and vesicle associated (v-) SNARE Snc2p contribute one SNARE motif each, whereas another t-SNARE (Sec9) donates two N-terminal and C-terminal SNARE motifs (SN1 and SN2) to the helical bundle. By use of EPR, it is found that SN2 has a tendency to be uncoiled, leaving a significant population of the SNARE complexes to be partially unstructured on the membrane
A Lipidic-Sponge Phase Screen for Membrane Protein Crystallization
jerry submitted, created time 1 month 3 weeks (www.structure.org)
A major current deficit in structural biology is the lack of high-resolution structures of eukaryotic membrane proteins, many of which are key drug targets for the treatment of disease. Numerous eukaryotic membrane proteins require specific lipids for their stability and activity, and efforts to crystallize and solve the structures of membrane proteins that do not address the issue of lipids frequently end in failure rather than success. To help address this problem, they have developed a sparse matrix crystallization screen consisting of 48 lipidic-sponge phase conditions
Natural substance Argyrin shows promise for new cancer therapies
sea-maid submitted, created time 1 month 3 weeks (www.news-medical.net)
The effective treatment of many forms of cancer continues to pose a major problem for medicine. Many tumours fail to respond to standard forms of chemotherapy or become resistant to the medication.
Now scientists have discovered the chemical mechanism by which a natural substance--argyrin--destroys tumours.
sea-maid submitted, created time 2 months 1 week (sciencenow.sciencemag.org)
The first chemical lab results beamed back from the Phoenix lander in the deathly cold martian arctic show that life could get along just fine there, given a bit of liquid water. But there's still no evidence that organisms could have populated the area in the past.
Reactive Oxygen Species Special Feature
sea-maid submitted, created time 2 months 2 weeks (www.pnas.org)
Dioxygen is a highly important, yet toxic, molecule that reacts in vivo to produce reactive oxygen species such as superoxide, peroxides, hydroxyl radicals, and other related species.
Role of excited electronic states in the high-pressure amorphization of benzene
sea-maid submitted, created time 3 months 2 days (www.pnas.org)
This study has provided us a fundamental but still unsolved question which concerns how the electronic excited states are involved in the high-pressure reactivity of molecular systems. But the present results provide a unified picture of the chemical reactivity of benzene at high pressure.
Tension gets chromosomes oriented
sea-maid submitted, created time 3 months 2 days (www.jcb.org)
Using grasshopper cells in meiosis, Bruce Nicklas and Carol Koch show that attachments of mono-oriented chromosomes can be stabilized using a glass needle to pull on one of the chromosomes.
Thus tension between two kinetochores, generated only in the bi-oriented state, might discriminate between correct and incorrect attachments.
A drug-controllable tag for visualizing newly synthesized proteins in cells and whole animals
sea-maid submitted, created time 3 months 3 days (www.pnas.org)
In this study, the author reports a technique for covalent labeling of newly synthesized proteins of interest based on drug-dependent preservation of epitope tags.
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