1007 Articles with the topic: Genomics & Genetics
Discovery of natural compounds that could slow blood vessel growth
sea-maid submitted, created time 1 day 15 hours (esciencenews.com)
Using a whole-genome approach, researchers have found more than one hundred human protein compounds that can slow blood vessel growth. This could lead to treatments against diseases that depend on the growth of new blood vessels, including cancer, macular degeneration and rheumatoid arthritis. 
sea-maid submitted, created time 6 days 16 hours (www.sciencenews.org)
Men who father children with multiple women are responsible for “extra” diversity on the X chromosome, a new study of six different populations suggests.
Gene therapy tool would target free radicals
sea-maid submitted, created time 6 days 16 hours (www.sciencenews.org)
Gene therapy has been touted as a possible way to cure genetic diseases, but new research suggests that it could also fight the wear and tear that leads to cardiovascular diseases.
ScienceNews reports:
"To work within this delicate balance, researchers in Finland have developed a way to insert into human cells free radical–fighting genes that only get switched on when free radical concentrations are high. That way, the genes could stave off the worst effects of free radicals without inhibiting the molecules’ useful functions, the researchers report in the September Gene Therapy."
sea-maid submitted, created time 1 week 2 days (www.jcb.org)
Active genes can be sociable, snuggling up to one another. Brown et al. offer a new explanation for this clustering, suggesting that genes gather for the services of RNA splicing enzymes
A gene's location in the nucleus often reflects its activity. Hard-working genes tend to congregate in the interior of the nucleus, whereas their lazier counterparts hang out at the edge. Moreover, active genes on different chromosomes sometimes bunch up. How often active genes come together is uncertain
Darkfrog submitted, created time 1 week 3 days (www.nature.com)
Researchers from Harvard have found that using adenoviruses to reprogram cells can avoid some of the risk of making induced pluripotent stem cells. Instead of integrating into the host cell's DNA, the adenoviruses express the genes themselves.
So far, the experiments have only been successful in mouse tail and liver cells, which are much less hard to work with than primate cells and tissues. In addition, the overall success rate is much lower than that of integrating virus methods, reprograming cells only 0.0001% to 0.001% of the time
jerry submitted, created time 1 week 6 days (www.reuters.com)
A study find that a variation of the gene for the vitamin D receptor appears to increase the risk of melanoma, a serious and sometimes fatal skin cancer. Patients with the BsmI variant had a 30% higher risk of melanoma, accounting for perhaps 10% of all cases.
A new way to identify disease associated genes
jerry submitted, created time 1 week 6 days (www.biodatamining.org)
A new algorithm, which mines databases of tissue specificity, gene connectivity and disease association, has identified a new group of genes that interact with disease-causing genes and impact on disease outcomes.
Rethinking the Wrinkling: Key Genes Cause Aging
jerry submitted, created time 2 weeks 1 day (www.sciam.com)
Scientists may have been thinking about the causes of aging all wrong. Instead of being the result of an accumulation of genetic and cellular damage, new evidence suggests that aging may occur when genetic programs for development go awry.
Turning Bacteria into Plastic Factories
jerry submitted, created time 2 weeks 1 day (www.sciam.com)
Plastics are one of the most versatile and useful things that can be made from expensive fossil fuels. ...except as of now, it's "that can be made from expensive fossil fuels and genetically engineered E. coli." A new company has found a way to produce polymers from genetically engineered microbes that feed on sugars, replacing fossil-fuel based processes.
The plastic in question is called butanediol, and the process has been in the works for some time. The trick was getting the bacteria to tolderate high levels of butanediol in the water. It's usually toxic.
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Novel anti-cancer mechanism found in long-lived rodents
sea-maid submitted, created time 2 weeks 2 days (esciencenews.com)
Biologists at the University of Rochester have found that small-bodied rodents with long lifespans have evolved a previously unknown anti-cancer mechanism that appears to be different from any anticancer mechanisms employed by humans or other large mammals. The findings are published in today's issue of Aging Cell. Understanding this mechanism may help prevent cancer in humans because many human cancers originate from stem cells and similar mechanisms may regulate stem cell division.
Longevity, cancer and diet connected: New research in worms could apply to humans
sea-maid submitted, created time 2 weeks 2 days (esciencenews.com)
The genes TOR and pha4/FoxA have been linked to both cancer and the aging process in C. elegans, and it appears that the results might apply to humans as well.
Evolutionary biology: The butt boggles the mind: Nature explores evolution of the anus
Darkfrog submitted, created time 2 weeks 4 days (www.nature.com)
It might not make for stellar dinner conversation, but it's a relevant question. When did multicellular organisms develop an anus? The first organisms to use guts--like modern cnidarians (formerly called coelenterates, meaning "one hollow cavity")--got by with just a mouth. (Feeling like you need to barf? They did too!) However, as the guts get longer, one hole becomes impractical.
"Just punch another hole in it" might seem like an obvious answer to anyone who's survived a kindergarten art class, but, from an evolutionary standpoint, it's pretty darn unlikely
Plants' daily alarm clock discovered
sea-maid submitted, created time 2 weeks 5 days (www.newscientist.com)
A newly discovered family of genes acts as a plant's daily alarm, triggering a growth spurt just before dawn. By tweaking these genes, scientists may one day be able to engineer crops that grow for longer every day to produce bigger yields.
The timing of the growth spurt is known to be choreographed by the plant's circadian clock, which is reset by changes in light at dawn and dusk. The clock dictates when most physiological processes, such as the uptake of water and the breakdown of starch, happen throughout the day
Gene chips unmask cryptic diseases
sea-maid submitted, created time 2 weeks 6 days (www.nature.com)
People with diverse symptoms including mental retardation, small head size, heart problems and cataracts have genomic rearrangements on the same region of chromosome 1, researchers reported last week.
DNA "Tattoos" Link Adult, Daughter Stem Cells in Planarians
sea-maid submitted, created time 3 weeks 17 hours (www.sciencedaily.com)
The title of this article is poetic, but it could stand to be better organized. The authors refer to a certain method of DNA identification as a "tattoo," but don't immediately say what it is. One has to dig through the repetitive and error-strewn paragraphs before one finds this:
"the researchers devised methods to detect specific differences in gene expression in the BrdU-labeled cells. The researchers identified 259 genes associated with the stem cells and their daughters
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