27 Articles with the topic: Genomics & Genetics
Oncogenesis: It's all about translation
sea-maid submitted, created time 4 weeks 1 day (www.nature.com)
The oncogene MYC regulates many cellular processes, making it difficult to pin down its precise function in driving tumor development. Maria Barna, David Ruggero and colleagues suggest that changes to cap-dependent and cap-independent translation during mitosis are pivotal. 
piggy submitted, created time 4 weeks 1 day (sciencenow.sciencemag.org)
Is there a link between sleep and type 2 diabetes? That's one implication of a new study, which has found that variants in a gene that helps regulate the body's daily rhythms increase the chance of developing the disease. The find, reported online yesterday in three papers in Nature Genetics, may suggest new ways to treat or prevent the ever more common disorder.
The body's internal clock--which controls the circadian rhythm--is kept accurate by a hormone called melatonin, whose levels fall during the day and rise at night
Genetic Patterning in Fruit Fly Development Identified
piggy submitted, created time 4 weeks 11 hours (www.sciencedaily.com)
No matter the species, from flies to humans, we all start the same: a single-cell fertilized egg that embarks on an incredible journey. The specifics of this journey are being uncovered at Rutgers University-Camden, where a biologist is researching how from one cell a jumble of many are able to organize and communicate, allowing life to spring forth.
According to Nir Yakoby, a recently appointed assistant professor of biology at Rutgers–Camden, his work on cell communication is a lot like genetic play dough
Epigenetics: Study identifies the genes and epigenetic factors that make hybrids infertile
Darkfrog submitted, created time 3 weeks 6 days (www.nature.com)
Geneticists out of the Czech Republic's Academy of Sciences have identified the gene that makes hybrids infertile. They're calling it Prdm9. This is the first time that such a gene has been identified in mammals. (Fruit flies are known to have comparable genes.)
One of the definitions of a species is a group of organisms that can reproduce and create fertile young. The offspring of say, a horse and a donkey or a lion and a tiger tend to be sterile. (Polar bears and grizzly bears produce non-sterile hybrids, so many teachers add the caveat "in the wild
Amish provide clues to genetics of heart disease
piggy submitted, created time 3 weeks 6 days (sciencenow.sciencemag.org)
Downing eight-hundred-calorie milkshakes is a great way to make the fat levels in your blood skyrocket. But a small proportion of Amish in Lancaster County, Pennsylvania, are not so easily affected, researchers have found. These lucky few harbor a genetic mutation that keeps their levels of fat particles called triglycerides in check and possibly protects them from heart disease. Although their particular mutation doesn't show up very often in the general population, the gene itself could play an important role in heart disease
Researchers Develop a Technique for Counting Messages Made by Single Genes
piggy submitted, created time 3 weeks 6 days (www.sciencedaily.com)
Researchers from Albert Einstein College of Medicine of Yeshiva University have described a technique for looking more precisely at a fundamental step of a cell's life — a gene, DNA, being read into a message, mRNA. The technique could provide a window into the process by which genes are switched on inappropriately, causing disease.
The new technique provides a detailed look into processes that until now were proven but never visualized
Brain may be the background to body mass index
piggy submitted, created time 3 weeks 4 days (www.eurekalert.org)
A genetic study of more than 90,000 people has identified six new genetic variants that are associated with increased Body Mass Index (BMI), the most commonly used measure of obesity. Five of the genes are known to be active in the brain, suggesting that many genetic variants implicated in obesity might affect behavior rather than the chemical processes of energy or fat metabolism.
Obesity is an increasing problem that results in individual risk to health as well as increasing burdens on health care systems
GUMC researchers find gene function "lost" in melanoma and glioblastoma
piggy submitted, created time 3 weeks 3 days (www.eurekalert.org)
Researchers at Georgetown University Medical Center have found a gene they say is inactivated in two aggressive cancers – malignant melanoma, a form of skin cancer, and glioblastoma multiforme, a lethal brain tumor. They add that because this gene, known as PTPRD, has recently been found to be inactivated in several other cancers as well, their discovery suggests that PTPRD may play a tumor suppressor role in a wide variety of different cancers.
The findings are published in the December 15 issue of Cancer Research
New gene variants present opportunities in nutrigenomics
piggy submitted, created time 3 weeks 2 days (www.eurekalert.org)
A new study uncovers eleven gene variants associated with three blood lipids measured to determine cardiovascular disease risk: low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol, high-density lipoprotein (HDL) and triglycerides. The discovery opens up new opportunities for nutrigenomics researchers looking for links between diet and genetics that will optimize health and lower chronic disease risk.
"Practically all genes related to lipid levels in the bloodstream respond to changes in the diet," says Jose M
Researchers identify new anti-tumor gene
piggy submitted, created time 3 weeks 1 day (www.eurekalert.org)
Researchers from Virginia Commonwealth University have identified a new anti-tumor gene called SARI that can interact with and suppress a key protein that is overexpressed in ninety percent of human cancers. The discovery could one day lead to an effective gene therapy for cancer.
According to Paul B. Fisher, M.Ph., Ph.D
Life's original ancestor was LUCA, not Adam nor Eve
piggy submitted, created time 3 weeks 20 hours (www.eurekalert.org)
Here's another argument against intelligent design. An evolutionary geneticist from the Université de Montréal, together with researchers from the French cities of Lyon and Montpellier, have published a ground-breaking study that characterizes the common ancestor of all life on earth, LUCA (Last Universal Common Ancestor). Their findings, presented in a recent issue of Nature, show that the 3.8-billion-year-old organism was not the creature usually imagined.
The study changes ideas of early life on Earth. "It is generally believed that LUCA was a heat-loving or hyperthermophilic organism
UT Southwestern researchers identify gene linked to inherited form of fatal lung disease
piggy submitted, created time 2 weeks 4 days (www.eurekalert.org)
Researchers at UT Southwestern Medical Center have determined that a mutation in a gene known for its role in defending the lungs against invading pathogens is responsible for some inherited cases of a lethal lung disease affecting older adults. The same mutation may also be associated with lung cancer, the researchers said.
This is the third gene that UT Southwestern scientists have linked with idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis, or IPF. The study appears online this week and in the January issue of American Journal of Human Genetics.
In the U.S
Newly identified gene powerful predictor of colon cancer metastasis
piggy submitted, created time 2 weeks 3 days (www.eurekalert.org)
Cancer Researchers at the Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine (MDC) Berlin-Buch and the Charité – Universitäts Medizin Berlin (Germany) have identified a gene which enables them to predict for the first time with high probability if colon cancer is going to metastasize. Assistant Professor Dr. Ulrike Stein, Professor Peter M. Schlag, and Professor Walter Birchmeier were able to demonstrate that the gene MACC1 (Metastasis-Associated in Colon Cancer 1) not only promotes tumor growth but also the development of metastasis
Snails and humans use same genes to tell right from left
piggy submitted, created time 2 weeks 3 days (www.eurekalert.org)
Biologists have tracked down genes that control the handedness of snail shells, and they turn out to be similar to the genes used by humans to set up the left and right sides of the body.
The finding, reported online in advance of publication in Nature by University of California, Berkeley, researchers, indicates that the same genes have been responsible for establishing the left-right asymmetry of animals for 500-650 million years, originating in the last common ancestor of all animals with bilateral body organization, creatures that include everything from worms to humans
Krumlauf Lab demonstrates modulation of gene expression by protein coding regions
piggy submitted, created time 2 weeks 1 day (www.eurekalert.org)
A research team at the Stowers Institute has discovered how the expression of one of the Hox master control genes is regulated in a specific segment of the developing brain. The findings provide important insight into how and where the brain develops some of its unique and important structures.
The findings were posted to the online Early Edition of the Proceedings of the National Academy of Science today
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