1084 Articles with the topic: Genomics & Genetics
Old gastrointestinal drug slows neurodegenerative diseases
sea-maid submitted, created time 1 day 9 hours (www.eurekalert.org)
Recent animal studies have shown that clioquinol – an eighty-year-old drug once used to treat diarrhea and other gastrointestinal disorders – can reverse the progression of Alzheimer's, Parkinson's and Huntington's diseases. Scientists, however, had a variety of theories to attempt to explain how a single compound could have such similar effects on three unrelated neurodegenerative disorders.
Researchers at McGill University have discovered a dramatic possible new answer: According to Dr 
Scrawny gene keeps stem cells healthy
piggy submitted, created time 1 day 19 hours (www.eurekalert.org)
Stem cells are the body's primal cells, retaining the youthful ability to develop into more specialized types of cells over many cycles of cell division. How do they do it? Scientists at the Carnegie Institution have identified a gene, named scrawny, that appears to be a key factor in keeping a variety of stem cells in their undifferentiated state. Understanding how stem cells maintain their potency has implications both for our knowledge of basic biology and also for medical applications. The results will be published in the January 9, 2009 print edition of Science
New insight into aggressive childhood cancer
piggy submitted, created time 3 days 1 hour (www.eurekalert.org)
A new study reveals critical molecular mechanisms associated with the development and progression of human neuroblastoma, the most common cancer in young children. The research, published by Cell Press in the January 6th issue of the journal Cancer Cell, may lead to development of future strategies for treatment of this aggressive and unpredictable cancer.
Neuroblastoma cells are derived from migratory neural crest cells that give rise to the peripheral sympathetic nervous system. During normal development, neural crest cells stop dividing and differentiate
Team finds breast cancer gene linked to metastasis
piggy submitted, created time 3 days 1 hour (www.princeton.edu)
A team of researchers at Princeton University and The Cancer Institute of New Jersey has identified a long-sought gene that is fatefully switched on in thirty to forty percent of all breast cancer patients, spreading the disease, resisting traditional chemotherapies and eventually leading to death.
The gene, called "Metadherin" or MTDH, is located in a small region of human chromosome 8 and appears to be crucial to cancer's spread or metastasis because it helps tumor cells stick tightly to blood vessels in distant organs
New genetic markers for ulcerative colitis identified
piggy submitted, created time 3 days 20 hours (www.eurekalert.org)
An international team led by University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine researchers has identified genetic markers associated with risk for ulcerative colitis. The findings, which appear today as an advance online publication of the journal Nature Genetics, bring researchers closer to understanding the biological pathways involved in the disease and may lead to the development of new treatments that specifically target them.
Ulcerative colitis is a chronic, relapsing disorder that causes inflammation and ulceration in the inner lining of the rectum and large intestine
Many studies needed to tie genes to cancer
sea-maid submitted, created time 5 days 6 hours (news.yahoo.com)
Many genes linked to various cancers do not appear to raise the risk of getting cancer after all, according to an analysis of hundreds of studies published on Tuesday.
Safer fetal test for genetic diseases on horizon
sea-maid submitted, created time 5 days 23 hours (www.newscientist.com)
Using just a drop of the mother's blood, scientists can now tell if the fetus has a disorder like cystic fibrosis – it could soon spell the end for invasive techniques
The prevalence of gluten-sensitive enteropathy in iron-deficient anemia patients
sea-maid submitted, created time 1 week 1 day (www.eurekalert.org)
A research group from Iran investigated the prevalence of gluten-sensitive enteropathy (GSE) in a large group of patients with iron deficiency anemia (IDA) of obscure origin. They found that there is a high prevalence of GSE in patients with IDA of obscure origin. A gluten-free diet can improve anemia in GSE patients who have mild duodenal lesions without villous atrophy.
In lung cancer, silencing one crucial gene disrupts normal functioning of genome
piggy submitted, created time 1 week 1 day (www.eurekalert.org)
While examining patterns of DNA modification in lung cancer, a team of international researchers has discovered what they say is a surprising new mechanism. They say that the "silencing" of a single gene in lung cancer led to a general impairment in genome-wide changes in cells, contributing to cancer development and progression
How chromosomes meet in the dark -- Switch that turns on X chromosome matchmaking
sea-maid submitted, created time 1 week 4 days (esciencenews.com)
A research group lead by scientists at the University of Warwick has discovered the trigger that pulls X chromosomes in female cells together at a crucial stage of embryo development. Thisr discovery could also provide new insights into how other similar chromosomes spontaneously recognize each other and are bound together at key parts of analogous cell processes. This is an important milestone because the binding together of too many or too few of a particular chromosome can cause medical conditions such as Down's Syndrome and Turner's Syndrome
Krumlauf Lab demonstrates modulation of gene expression by protein coding regions
piggy submitted, created time 2 weeks 1 day (www.eurekalert.org)
A research team at the Stowers Institute has discovered how the expression of one of the Hox master control genes is regulated in a specific segment of the developing brain. The findings provide important insight into how and where the brain develops some of its unique and important structures.
The findings were posted to the online Early Edition of the Proceedings of the National Academy of Science today
Newly identified gene powerful predictor of colon cancer metastasis
piggy submitted, created time 2 weeks 3 days (www.eurekalert.org)
Cancer Researchers at the Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine (MDC) Berlin-Buch and the Charité – Universitäts Medizin Berlin (Germany) have identified a gene which enables them to predict for the first time with high probability if colon cancer is going to metastasize. Assistant Professor Dr. Ulrike Stein, Professor Peter M. Schlag, and Professor Walter Birchmeier were able to demonstrate that the gene MACC1 (Metastasis-Associated in Colon Cancer 1) not only promotes tumor growth but also the development of metastasis
Snails and humans use same genes to tell right from left
piggy submitted, created time 2 weeks 3 days (www.eurekalert.org)
Biologists have tracked down genes that control the handedness of snail shells, and they turn out to be similar to the genes used by humans to set up the left and right sides of the body.
The finding, reported online in advance of publication in Nature by University of California, Berkeley, researchers, indicates that the same genes have been responsible for establishing the left-right asymmetry of animals for 500-650 million years, originating in the last common ancestor of all animals with bilateral body organization, creatures that include everything from worms to humans
UT Southwestern researchers identify gene linked to inherited form of fatal lung disease
piggy submitted, created time 2 weeks 4 days (www.eurekalert.org)
Researchers at UT Southwestern Medical Center have determined that a mutation in a gene known for its role in defending the lungs against invading pathogens is responsible for some inherited cases of a lethal lung disease affecting older adults. The same mutation may also be associated with lung cancer, the researchers said.
This is the third gene that UT Southwestern scientists have linked with idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis, or IPF. The study appears online this week and in the January issue of American Journal of Human Genetics.
In the U.S
Life's original ancestor was LUCA, not Adam nor Eve
piggy submitted, created time 3 weeks 19 hours (www.eurekalert.org)
Here's another argument against intelligent design. An evolutionary geneticist from the Université de Montréal, together with researchers from the French cities of Lyon and Montpellier, have published a ground-breaking study that characterizes the common ancestor of all life on earth, LUCA (Last Universal Common Ancestor). Their findings, presented in a recent issue of Nature, show that the 3.8-billion-year-old organism was not the creature usually imagined.
The study changes ideas of early life on Earth. "It is generally believed that LUCA was a heat-loving or hyperthermophilic organism
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