267 Articles with the topic: Genomics & Genetics
Outcry at scale of inheritance project
jerry submitted, created time 2 months 3 weeks (www.nature.com)
The U.S. National Institutes of Health (NIH) handed out the first payments in a multi-million-dollar project to explore epigenomics last month. But some researchers are voicing concerns about the scientific and economic justification for this latest "big biology" venture.
Epigenetics is the study of usually-inherited factors that are not directly coded in the genes. The biggest objection to this massive project seems to be the belief that it is a waste of money that could be going to other strapped labs 
Genetic Information Nondescrimination Act poised to pass
Darkfrog submitted, created time 8 months 2 weeks (www.nytimes.com)
The U.S. Congress is preparing a bill that would forbid employers and insurance companies from denying or terminating employment or coverage based on the results of genetic tests. Federal law already prohibits group policies, such as those attained through one's employer or other organization, from discriminating using genetic information, but this bill would apply accross the board.
This bill is likely to pass, and I think it will remove one of the main fears associated with genetic testing (finally finding out that one has a 40% chance of lung cancer is still there, though).
kavin submitted, created time 8 months 2 days (www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov)
The universality of ribonuclease P (RNase P), the ribonucleoprotein essential for transfer RNA (tRNA) 5' maturation, is challenged in the archaeon Nanoarchaeum equitans. In this study, the researchers's findings demonstrate how nature can cope with the loss of the universal and supposedly ancient RNase P through genomic rearrangement at tRNA genes under the pressure of genome condensation.
sea-maid submitted, created time 8 months 1 day (www.sciencemag.org)
This is about an American association of physicial anthropologists meeting,which
mainly talk about the thesis "Tuberculosis Jumped From Humans to Cows, Not Vice Versa."
At the meeting, a DNA study of 10 species of mycobacteria showed that early humans were infected with strains of Mycobacterium tuberculosis, which cause TB, long before they began herding cattle. That suggests that it was humans who transmitted the disease to bovids and other animals
sea-maid submitted, created time 7 months 3 weeks (www.cell.com)
With regards to the survival of motor neurons (SMN), certain proteins are essential for the biogenesis of small nuclear RNA (snRNA)-ribonucleoproteins (snRNPs), the major components of the pre-mRNA splicing machinery.
This article suggests that SMN deficiency causes tissue-specific perturbations in the repertoire of snRNAs and widespread defects in splicing.
Gene Therapy Offers Hope for Blindness
sea-maid submitted, created time 2 months 3 weeks (www.webmd.com)
After more than a decade of research, the first gene therapy trials in people with a rare form of blindness are under way, and experts say they are thrilled with the early findings.
Oncogenesis: It's all about translation
sea-maid submitted, created time 4 weeks 1 day (www.nature.com)
The oncogene MYC regulates many cellular processes, making it difficult to pin down its precise function in driving tumor development. Maria Barna, David Ruggero and colleagues suggest that changes to cap-dependent and cap-independent translation during mitosis are pivotal.
Proteins Decide Boys Become Boys
Sue Wu submitted, created time 8 months 2 days (www.sciam.com)
In research that could give doctors a way to reassign sex in cases of unclear gender, scientists report this week that they have figured out why some children with genes that should make them boys are instead born as girls.
Extreme polyploidy in a large bacterium
sea-maid submitted, created time 7 months 4 weeks (www.pnas.org)
The author of this paper presents evidence that Epulopiscium contains tens of thousands of copies of its genome and that polyploidy of the magnitude observed in Epulopiscium is unprecedented.
The results also suggest that the abundance of genome copies in Epulopiscium may allow for an unstable genetic feature, a long mononucleotide tract, in an essential gene. With the evolution of extreme polyploidy and large cell size, Epulopiscium has acquired some of the advantages of eukaryotic cells.
Intracardiac septation requires hedgehog-dependent cellular contributions
kavin submitted, created time 7 months 4 weeks (www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov)
The researchers use a genetic marker and novel magnetic resonance microscopy techniques to demonstrate the origins of the dorsal mesenchymal protrusion in the dorsal mesocardium, and its substantial contribution to atrioventricular septation. They demonstrate that Shh signaling is required within the dorsal mesocardium for its contribution to the atria. Failure of this addition results in severe AVSD. These studies demonstrate that AVSD can result from a primary defect in dorsal mesocardium, providing a new paradigm for the understanding of human AVSD.
Gene expression in alligators suggests birds have "thumbs"
sea-maid submitted, created time 2 months 3 weeks (esciencenews.com)
Scientists have long known that the bones in modern bird wings extend from cartilage that is homologous to fingers two, three, and four (pointer, middle, and ring) in humans. However, new information shows that early ancestors of birds, such as archaeopteryx, had wings based on one, two, and three (thumb, pointer, and middle) instead. Scientists now believe that modern birds are the result of a homeotic frame shift mutation.
The P. furiosus Mre11/Rad50 Complex Promotes 5′ Strand Resection at a DNA Double-Strand Break
sea-maid submitted, created time 2 months 2 weeks (www.sciencedirect.com)
The Mre11/Rad50 complex has been implicated in the early steps of DNA double-strand break (DSB) repair through homologous recombination in several organisms. However, the enzymatic properties of this complex are incompatible with the generation of 3′ single-stranded DNA for recombinase loading and strand exchange. In thermophilic archaea, the Mre11 and Rad50 genes cluster in an operon with genes encoding a helicase, HerA, and a 5′ to 3′ exonuclease, NurA, suggesting a common function
Frozen mice cloned - are woolly mammoths next?
piggy submitted, created time 2 months 3 days (www.reuters.com)
WASHINGTON (Reuters) - Japanese scientists have cloned mice whose bodies were frozen for as long sixteen years and said on Monday it may be possible to use the technique to resurrect mammoths and other extinct species.
Mouse cloning expert Teruhiko Wakayama and colleagues at the Center for Developmental Biology, at Japan's RIKEN research institute in Yokohama, managed to clone the mice even though their cells had burst.
New Role for Critical DNA Repair Molecule in Immune System
piggy submitted, created time 1 month 4 weeks (www.sciencedaily.com)
The human immune system is a brilliantly adaptable weapon against foreign invaders. But it all depends on the work of specialized cells called lymphocytes that have made a risky evolutionary gambit to mutate their own DNA. New research published in Nature shows for the first time that a molecule devoted to DNA repair plays a broader role in this genetic reshuffling — called recombination — than scientists had thought
Spanish scientists create extra-long-lived mice
piggy submitted, created time 1 month 3 weeks (www.enews20.com)
Spanish scientists have created "super-mice" that are cancer-resistant and live up to forty percent longer, media reported Friday.
The mice were subjected to genetic engineering by researchers from the cancer research centre CNIO and Valencia University.
The key to the experiment was an enzyme called telomerase, which lengthens chromosome ends known as telomeres.
Telomerase allows cells to keep dividing and is believed to increase longevity, but it also heightens the risk of cancer
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