953 Articles with the topic: Molecular Biology
Tissue sample suggests HIV has been infecting humans for a century
sea-maid submitted, created time 4 days 21 hours (www.nature.com)
Tissue samples from the fifties and sixties, taken from patients living in Kinshasa (then Leopoldville) in the Democratic Republic of Congo indicate that HIV, which was first recognized in the 1980's. Researchers were able to pluck chinks of viral DNA from the crudely preserved samples. Comparing the levels of genetic variation allowed them to give an estimate of HIV-1's year of origin: 1908.
This does not show us how HIV crossed from chimpanzees into humans, but it does give us a better idea of where to look for the disease's origins. 
sea-maid submitted, created time 1 week 2 days (www.jcb.org)
Active genes can be sociable, snuggling up to one another. Brown et al. offer a new explanation for this clustering, suggesting that genes gather for the services of RNA splicing enzymes
A gene's location in the nucleus often reflects its activity. Hard-working genes tend to congregate in the interior of the nucleus, whereas their lazier counterparts hang out at the edge. Moreover, active genes on different chromosomes sometimes bunch up. How often active genes come together is uncertain
23andMe Slashes Price on Personal Genetics Test
jerry submitted, created time 3 weeks 5 days (www.abcnews.go.com)
A company announced that analyzes customers' genetic makeup to predict health risks and provide ancestry information has slashed the price on its personal DNA test.
Fatal Protein Interactions and Neurological Diseases
sea-maid submitted, created time 4 weeks 1 day (www.sciencedaily.com)
The new and unique molecular structures they discovered can now be used to model and develop new drugs for these devastating neurological diseases. Their findings will be published in the September 3 issue of Public Library of Science (PLoS) ONE on September 4, 2008.
The team, led by Eliezer Masliah, M.D
Experimental RNA drug may cause blindness
lavrock submitted, created time 1 month 1 week (www.nature.com)
Caution needed in clinical trials, scientists urge.
Missing DNA Boosts Risk of Schizophrenia
sea-maid submitted, created time 2 months 3 days (sciencenow.sciencemag.org)
Two large studies of schizophrenia patients have yielded the most convincing evidence yet that the disease can be caused by mistakes in genes. The researchers linked a much higher risk for schizophrenia to three chromosomal regions that are missing chunks of DNA. Although only a tiny fraction of patients carried these particular glitches, similar errors may help explain other cases of the disease.
Once suspect protein found to promote DNA repair, prevent cancer
sea-maid submitted, created time 2 months 2 weeks (esciencenews.com)
An abundant chromosomal protein that binds to damaged DNA prevents cancer development by enhancing DNA repair, researchers at The University of Texas M. D. Anderson Cancer Center report online this week in the Proceedings of the National Academies of Science. The protein, HMGB1, was previously hypothesized to block DNA repair, senior author Karen Vasquez, Ph.D., associate professor in M. D. Anderson's Department of Carcinogenesis at the Science Park - Research Division in Smithville, Texas.
Cells from humans grow blood vessels in mice
sea-maid submitted, created time 2 months 2 weeks (www.reuters.com)
Cells taken from human bone marrow, blood and umbilical cords grew into functioning blood vessels in mice with just the right coaxing
Different aa-tRNAs Are Selected Uniformly on the Ribosome
jerry submitted, created time 2 months 3 weeks (www.molecule.org)
Ten E. coli aminoacyl-tRNAs (aa-tRNAs) were assessed for their ability to decode cognate codons on E. coli ribosomes by using three assays that evaluate the key steps in the decoding pathway. Despite a wide variety of structural features, each aa-tRNA exhibited similar kinetic and thermodynamic properties in each assay
jerry submitted, created time 2 months 3 weeks (www.molecule.org)
The Piwi proteins of the Argonaute superfamily are required for normal germline development in Drosophila, zebrafish, and mice and associate with 24–30 nucleotide RNAs termed piRNAs. They identified a class of 21 nucleotide RNAs, previously named 21U-RNAs, as the piRNAs of C. elegans. Piwi and piRNA expression is restricted to the male and female germline and independent of many proteins in other small-RNA pathways, including DCR-1. They showed that Piwi was specifically required to silence Tc3, but not other Tc/mariner DNA transposons
PRG-1 and 21U-RNAs Interact to Form the piRNA Complex Required for Fertility in C. elegans
jerry submitted, created time 2 months 3 weeks (www.molecule.org)
In metazoans, Piwi-related argonaute proteins have been linked to germline maintenance, and to a class of germline-enriched small RNAs termed piRNAs. Here we show that an abundant class of 21 nucleotide small RNAs (21U-RNAs) are expressed in the C. elegans germline, interact with the C. elegans Piwi family member PRG-1, and depend on PRG-1 activity for their accumulation. The PRG-1 protein is expressed throughout development and localizes to nuage-like structures called P granules
Myosin I Can Act As a Molecular Force Sensor
jerry submitted, created time 3 months 1 day (www.sciencemag.org)
The ability to sense molecular tension is crucial for a wide array of cellular processes, including the detection of auditory stimuli, control of cell shape, and internalization and transport of membranes. We show that myosin I, a motor protein that has been implicated in powering key steps in these processes, dramatically alters its motile properties in response to tension. We measured the displacement generated by single myosin I molecules, and we determined the actin-attachment kinetics with varying tensions using an optical trap
No place to hide for herpes virus
sea-maid submitted, created time 3 months 3 days (www.newscientist.com)
They say the difference between herpes and love is that herpes lasts forever. But new research hints at a way to chase the cold sore virus from its hiding place and get rid of it for good.
Stem cells: One more roadblock removed from the path to practical induced pluripotency
Darkfrog submitted, created time 3 months 3 days (blog.wired.com)
This team from the Whitehead Institute for Biological Research has moved induced pluripotent stem cells one step closer to maturity. Using a two-pronged approach, they used a virus to insert the genes into mouse cells, but employ a drug to switch them on and off. This makes hte cells less likely to turn cancerous. The process is written up in Nature Biotechnology. Unlike previous iPS techniques, this produces a culture of genetically identical cells, something that iPS to date had not yet been able to do
Faulty DNA repair could be a risk factor for lung cancer in nonsmokers
sea-maid submitted, created time 3 months 1 week (esciencenews.com)
People who have never smoked but whose cells cannot efficiently repair environmental insults to DNA are at higher risk of developing lung cancer than those with effective genomic repair capability, according to researchers from the Department of Epidemiology at The University of Texas M. D. Anderson Cancer Center. "About 15 percent of lung cancers occur in lifetime never smokers
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