989 Articles with the topic: Molecular Biology
HWI scientist first in world to unravel structure of key breast cancer target enzyme
piggy submitted, created time 20 hours 41 minutes (www.eurekalert.org)
The molecular details of Aromatase, the key enzyme required for the body to make estrogen, are no longer a mystery thanks to the structural biology work done by the Ghosh lab at the Hauptman-Woodward Medical Research Institute (HWI) in Buffalo, New York. Dr. Debashis Ghosh's solution of the three-dimensional structure of aromatase is the first time that scientists have been able to visualize the mechanism of synthesizing estrogen 
piggy submitted, created time 1 day 1 hour (www.eurekalert.org)
The enzyme machine that translates a cell's DNA code into the proteins of life is nothing if not an editorial perfectionist.
Johns Hopkins researchers, reporting this week in Nature, have discovered a new proofreading step during which the suite of translational tools called the ribosome recognizes errors, just after making them, and definitively responds by hitting its version of a delete button
Scrawny gene keeps stem cells healthy
piggy submitted, created time 1 day 19 hours (www.eurekalert.org)
Stem cells are the body's primal cells, retaining the youthful ability to develop into more specialized types of cells over many cycles of cell division. How do they do it? Scientists at the Carnegie Institution have identified a gene, named scrawny, that appears to be a key factor in keeping a variety of stem cells in their undifferentiated state. Understanding how stem cells maintain their potency has implications both for our knowledge of basic biology and also for medical applications. The results will be published in the January 9, 2009 print edition of Science
New insight into aggressive childhood cancer
piggy submitted, created time 3 days 1 hour (www.eurekalert.org)
A new study reveals critical molecular mechanisms associated with the development and progression of human neuroblastoma, the most common cancer in young children. The research, published by Cell Press in the January 6th issue of the journal Cancer Cell, may lead to development of future strategies for treatment of this aggressive and unpredictable cancer.
Neuroblastoma cells are derived from migratory neural crest cells that give rise to the peripheral sympathetic nervous system. During normal development, neural crest cells stop dividing and differentiate
Scientists Identify New Congenital Neutropenia Syndrome and Causative Gene Mutation
piggy submitted, created time 5 days 54 minutes (www.nih.gov)
A team of scientists has discovered a new syndrome associated with severe congenital neutropenia (SCN), a rare disorder in which children lack sufficient infection-fighting white cells, and identified the genetic cause of the syndrome: mutations in the gene Glucose-6-phosphatase, catalytic subunit 3 (G6PC3). The findings, which are published in the Jan
Scientists Pull Protein's Tail to Curtail Cancer
piggy submitted, created time 6 days 6 hours (www.sciencedaily.com)
When researchers look inside human cancer cells for the whereabouts of an important tumor-suppressor, they often catch the protein playing hooky, lolling around in cellular broth instead of muscling its way out to the cells’ membranes and foiling cancer growth.
This phenomenon of delinquency puzzled scientists for a long time — until a cell biologist in the Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine felt compelled to genetically grab the protein by the tail and then watched as it got back to work at tamping down disease
Study Links Molecule to Muscle Maturation, Muscle Cancer
piggy submitted, created time 1 week 1 day (medicalcenter.osu.edu)
Researchers at The Ohio State University Comprehensive Cancer Center have discovered that a molecule implicated in leukemia and lung cancer is also important in muscle repair and in a muscle cancer that strikes mainly children.
The study shows that immature muscle cells require the molecule, called miR-29, to become mature, and that the molecule is nearly missing in cells from rhabdomyosarcoma, a cancer caused by the proliferation of immature muscle cells.
Cells from human rhabdomyosarcoma tumors showed levels of the molecule that were ten percent or less of those in normal muscle cells
How chromosomes meet in the dark -- Switch that turns on X chromosome matchmaking
sea-maid submitted, created time 1 week 4 days (esciencenews.com)
A research group lead by scientists at the University of Warwick has discovered the trigger that pulls X chromosomes in female cells together at a crucial stage of embryo development. Thisr discovery could also provide new insights into how other similar chromosomes spontaneously recognize each other and are bound together at key parts of analogous cell processes. This is an important milestone because the binding together of too many or too few of a particular chromosome can cause medical conditions such as Down's Syndrome and Turner's Syndrome
Biologists learn structure, mechanism of powerful "molecular motor" in virus
piggy submitted, created time 1 week 6 days (news.uns.purdue.edu)
Researchers have discovered the atomic structure of a powerful "molecular motor" that packages DNA into the head segment of some viruses during their assembly, an essential step in their ability to multiply and infect new host organisms.
The researchers, from Purdue University and The Catholic University of America, also have proposed a mechanism for how the motor works
Newly found enzymes may play early role in cancer
piggy submitted, created time 1 week 6 days (www.eurekalert.org)
Researchers have discovered two enzymes that, when combined, could be involved in the earliest stages of cancer. Manipulating these enzymes genetically might lead to targeted therapies aimed at slowing or preventing the onset of tumors.
"We could conceivably reactivate a completely normal gene in a tumor cell – a gene that could prevent the growth of a tumor if reactivated," says David Jones, Ph.D., professor of oncological sciences at the University of Utah and senior director of early translational research at the university's Huntsman Cancer Institute (HCI)
Case Western Reserve finds mechanism underlying alt. splicing of premessenger RNA into messenger RNA
piggy submitted, created time 1 week 6 days (www.eurekalert.org)
An international research team led by Tim Nilsen, Ph.D., a professor of medicine and biochemistry and the director of the School of Medicine's Center for RNA Molecular Biology, has discovered an unexpected mechanism governing alternative splicing, the process by which single genes produce different proteins in different situations
piggy submitted, created time 2 weeks 21 hours (sciencenow.sciencemag.org)
Talk about Dr. Jekyll and Mr. Hyde. Misfolded proteins known as prions cause mad cow disease and other fatal neurodegenerative illnesses. But in their properly folded form, the proteins may be important to survival, helping mice and other animals keep their sniffing skills sharp, new research shows.
Prions get the bad reputation--and the lion's share of research attention--but interest in the normal form of prion proteins is increasing
Krumlauf Lab demonstrates modulation of gene expression by protein coding regions
piggy submitted, created time 2 weeks 1 day (www.eurekalert.org)
A research team at the Stowers Institute has discovered how the expression of one of the Hox master control genes is regulated in a specific segment of the developing brain. The findings provide important insight into how and where the brain develops some of its unique and important structures.
The findings were posted to the online Early Edition of the Proceedings of the National Academy of Science today
sea-maid submitted, created time 2 weeks 5 days (www.nature.com)
It's the first time the argonaute protein has been seen bound to both target and guide strands.
Protein found to set the heart's cadence
sea-maid submitted, created time 3 weeks 3 days (www.sciencenews.org)
The heart’s got rhythm, thanks to molecular timekeepers.
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