163 Articles with the topic: Molecular Biology
kavin submitted, created time 8 months 2 days (www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov)
The universality of ribonuclease P (RNase P), the ribonucleoprotein essential for transfer RNA (tRNA) 5' maturation, is challenged in the archaeon Nanoarchaeum equitans. In this study, the researchers's findings demonstrate how nature can cope with the loss of the universal and supposedly ancient RNase P through genomic rearrangement at tRNA genes under the pressure of genome condensation. 
sea-maid submitted, created time 7 months 3 weeks (www.cell.com)
With regards to the survival of motor neurons (SMN), certain proteins are essential for the biogenesis of small nuclear RNA (snRNA)-ribonucleoproteins (snRNPs), the major components of the pre-mRNA splicing machinery.
This article suggests that SMN deficiency causes tissue-specific perturbations in the repertoire of snRNAs and widespread defects in splicing.
Oncogenesis: It's all about translation
sea-maid submitted, created time 4 weeks 1 day (www.nature.com)
The oncogene MYC regulates many cellular processes, making it difficult to pin down its precise function in driving tumor development. Maria Barna, David Ruggero and colleagues suggest that changes to cap-dependent and cap-independent translation during mitosis are pivotal.
A Test of the Null Model for 5' UTR Evolution Based on GC Content
sea-maid submitted, created time 8 months 1 day (mbe.oxfordjournals.org)
Eukaryotic mRNAs are headed by a stretch of noncoding sequence, the 5' untranslated region (UTR). It has been proposed that the length of 5' UTRs is selectively neutral and evolves under a process of stochastic destruction and recruitment of core promoter elements, combined with selection against the premature initiation of translation. The authors of this research test this null model by investigating whether 5' UTR length varies with genomic GC content, an implicit prediction of the model.
The P. furiosus Mre11/Rad50 Complex Promotes 5′ Strand Resection at a DNA Double-Strand Break
sea-maid submitted, created time 2 months 2 weeks (www.sciencedirect.com)
The Mre11/Rad50 complex has been implicated in the early steps of DNA double-strand break (DSB) repair through homologous recombination in several organisms. However, the enzymatic properties of this complex are incompatible with the generation of 3′ single-stranded DNA for recombinase loading and strand exchange. In thermophilic archaea, the Mre11 and Rad50 genes cluster in an operon with genes encoding a helicase, HerA, and a 5′ to 3′ exonuclease, NurA, suggesting a common function
New Role for Critical DNA Repair Molecule in Immune System
piggy submitted, created time 1 month 4 weeks (www.sciencedaily.com)
The human immune system is a brilliantly adaptable weapon against foreign invaders. But it all depends on the work of specialized cells called lymphocytes that have made a risky evolutionary gambit to mutate their own DNA. New research published in Nature shows for the first time that a molecule devoted to DNA repair plays a broader role in this genetic reshuffling — called recombination — than scientists had thought
Helping the Embryo Implant: A New Role for One Type of Immune Cell
piggy submitted, created time 1 month 1 week (www.sciencedaily.com)
One of the most critical stages in establishing a pregnancy is the implantation of the embryo in the wall of the uterus. Although the accumulation of immune cells known as DCs has been observed in the uterus after fertilization and prior to implantation, their function was not known
piggy submitted, created time 2 weeks 22 hours (sciencenow.sciencemag.org)
Talk about Dr. Jekyll and Mr. Hyde. Misfolded proteins known as prions cause mad cow disease and other fatal neurodegenerative illnesses. But in their properly folded form, the proteins may be important to survival, helping mice and other animals keep their sniffing skills sharp, new research shows.
Prions get the bad reputation--and the lion's share of research attention--but interest in the normal form of prion proteins is increasing
A transcription factor for making plasmacytoid dendritic cells
jerry submitted, created time 2 months 3 weeks (www.cell.com)
Plasmacytoid dendritic cells (PDCs) represent a unique immune cell type specialized in type I interferon (IFN) secretion in response to viral nucleic acids. The molecular control of PDC lineage specification has been poorly understood. We report that basic helix-loop-helix transcription factor (E protein) E2-2/Tcf4 is preferentially expressed in murine and human PDCs. Constitutive or inducible deletion of murine E2-2 blocked the development of PDCs but not of other lineages and abolished IFN response to unmethylated DNA
Biologists Discover Motor Protein That Rewinds DNA
piggy submitted, created time 2 months 1 week (www.sciencedaily.com)
ScienceDaily (Nov. 2, 2008) — Two biologists at the University of California, San Diego have discovered the first of a new class of cellular motor proteins that “rewind” sections of the double-stranded DNA molecule that become unwound, like the tangled ribbons from a cassette tape, in “bubbles” that prevent critical genes from being expressed.
“When your DNA gets stuck in the unwound position, your cells are in big trouble, and in humans, that ultimately leads to death” said Jim Kadonaga, a professor of biology at UCSD who headed the study
How Eating Red Meat Can Spur Cancer Progression: New Mechanism Identified
piggy submitted, created time 1 month 3 weeks (www.sciencedaily.com)
Researchers at the University of California, San Diego School of Medicine, led by Ajit Varki, M.D., have shown a new mechanism for how human consumption of red meat and milk products could contribute to the increased risk of cancerous tumors.
Their findings, which suggest that inflammation resulting from a molecule introduced through consumption of these foods could promote tumor growth, are published online this week in advance of print publication in the Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences (PNAS)
Enzyme Discovery May Lead to Better Heart and Stroke Treatments
piggy submitted, created time 1 month 2 weeks (www.sciencedaily.com)
A Queen's University study sheds new light on the way one of our cell enzymes, implicated in causing tissue damage after heart attacks and strokes, is normally kept under control.
Led by Biochemistry professor Peter Davies, the research team's discovery will be useful in developing new drug treatments that can aid recovery in stroke and heart disease, as well as lessen the effects of Alzheimer's and other neurologically degenerative diseases
How Red Wine Compounds Fight Alzheimer's Disease
piggy submitted, created time 1 month 2 weeks (www.sciencedaily.com)
Scientists call it the "French paradox" — a society that, despite consuming food high in cholesterol and saturated fats, has long had low death rates from heart disease. Research has suggested it is the red wine consumed with all that fatty food that may be beneficial — and not only for cardiovascular health but in warding off certain tumors and even Alzheimer's disease.
Now, Alzheimer's researchers at UCLA, in collaboration with Mt. Sinai School of Medicine in New York, have discovered how red wine may reduce the incidence of the disease. Reporting in the Nov
Key Advance Toward Treatment for Most Common Adult Form of Muscular Dystrophy
piggy submitted, created time 1 month 1 week (www.sciencedaily.com)
Scientists have identified a promising set of new compounds in the fight against muscular dystrophy.
Using a drug-discovery technique in which molecules compete against each other for access to the target – the strand of toxic RNA that causes the most common form of muscular dystrophy in adults – a team at the University of Rochester Medical Center has identified several compounds that, in the laboratory, block the unwanted coupling of two molecules that is at the root of the disease.
The work was published online November 7 by the Journal of the American Chemical Society.
Potentially Universal Mechanism of Aging Identified
piggy submitted, created time 1 month 1 week (www.sciencedaily.com)
Researchers have uncovered what may be a universal cause of aging, one that applies to both single-celled organisms such as yeast and multicellular organisms, including mammals. This is the first time that such an evolutionarily conserved aging mechanism has been identified between such diverse organisms.
The mechanism probably dates back more than one billion years. The study shows how DNA damage eventually leads to a breakdown in the cell's ability to properly regulate which genes are switched on and off in particular settings
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