154 Articles with the topic: Molecular Biology
kavin submitted, created time 6 months 2 weeks (www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov)
The universality of ribonuclease P (RNase P), the ribonucleoprotein essential for transfer RNA (tRNA) 5' maturation, is challenged in the archaeon Nanoarchaeum equitans. In this study, the researchers's findings demonstrate how nature can cope with the loss of the universal and supposedly ancient RNase P through genomic rearrangement at tRNA genes under the pressure of genome condensation. 
sea-maid submitted, created time 6 months 5 days (www.cell.com)
With regards to the survival of motor neurons (SMN), certain proteins are essential for the biogenesis of small nuclear RNA (snRNA)-ribonucleoproteins (snRNPs), the major components of the pre-mRNA splicing machinery.
This article suggests that SMN deficiency causes tissue-specific perturbations in the repertoire of snRNAs and widespread defects in splicing.
A Test of the Null Model for 5' UTR Evolution Based on GC Content
sea-maid submitted, created time 6 months 1 week (mbe.oxfordjournals.org)
Eukaryotic mRNAs are headed by a stretch of noncoding sequence, the 5' untranslated region (UTR). It has been proposed that the length of 5' UTRs is selectively neutral and evolves under a process of stochastic destruction and recruitment of core promoter elements, combined with selection against the premature initiation of translation. The authors of this research test this null model by investigating whether 5' UTR length varies with genomic GC content, an implicit prediction of the model.
The P. furiosus Mre11/Rad50 Complex Promotes 5′ Strand Resection at a DNA Double-Strand Break
sea-maid submitted, created time 1 month 2 days (www.sciencedirect.com)
The Mre11/Rad50 complex has been implicated in the early steps of DNA double-strand break (DSB) repair through homologous recombination in several organisms. However, the enzymatic properties of this complex are incompatible with the generation of 3′ single-stranded DNA for recombinase loading and strand exchange. In thermophilic archaea, the Mre11 and Rad50 genes cluster in an operon with genes encoding a helicase, HerA, and a 5′ to 3′ exonuclease, NurA, suggesting a common function
New Role for Critical DNA Repair Molecule in Immune System
piggy submitted, created time 1 week 4 days (www.sciencedaily.com)
The human immune system is a brilliantly adaptable weapon against foreign invaders. But it all depends on the work of specialized cells called lymphocytes that have made a risky evolutionary gambit to mutate their own DNA. New research published in Nature shows for the first time that a molecule devoted to DNA repair plays a broader role in this genetic reshuffling — called recombination — than scientists had thought
A transcription factor for making plasmacytoid dendritic cells
jerry submitted, created time 1 month 6 days (www.cell.com)
Plasmacytoid dendritic cells (PDCs) represent a unique immune cell type specialized in type I interferon (IFN) secretion in response to viral nucleic acids. The molecular control of PDC lineage specification has been poorly understood. We report that basic helix-loop-helix transcription factor (E protein) E2-2/Tcf4 is preferentially expressed in murine and human PDCs. Constitutive or inducible deletion of murine E2-2 blocked the development of PDCs but not of other lineages and abolished IFN response to unmethylated DNA
Biologists Discover Motor Protein That Rewinds DNA
piggy submitted, created time 2 weeks 5 days (www.sciencedaily.com)
ScienceDaily (Nov. 2, 2008) — Two biologists at the University of California, San Diego have discovered the first of a new class of cellular motor proteins that “rewind” sections of the double-stranded DNA molecule that become unwound, like the tangled ribbons from a cassette tape, in “bubbles” that prevent critical genes from being expressed.
“When your DNA gets stuck in the unwound position, your cells are in big trouble, and in humans, that ultimately leads to death” said Jim Kadonaga, a professor of biology at UCSD who headed the study
How Eating Red Meat Can Spur Cancer Progression: New Mechanism Identified
piggy submitted, created time 1 week 9 hours (www.sciencedaily.com)
Researchers at the University of California, San Diego School of Medicine, led by Ajit Varki, M.D., have shown a new mechanism for how human consumption of red meat and milk products could contribute to the increased risk of cancerous tumors.
Their findings, which suggest that inflammation resulting from a molecule introduced through consumption of these foods could promote tumor growth, are published online this week in advance of print publication in the Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences (PNAS)
Enzyme Discovery May Lead to Better Heart and Stroke Treatments
piggy submitted, created time 1 day 10 hours (www.sciencedaily.com)
A Queen's University study sheds new light on the way one of our cell enzymes, implicated in causing tissue damage after heart attacks and strokes, is normally kept under control.
Led by Biochemistry professor Peter Davies, the research team's discovery will be useful in developing new drug treatments that can aid recovery in stroke and heart disease, as well as lessen the effects of Alzheimer's and other neurologically degenerative diseases
sea-maid submitted, created time 6 months 3 weeks (www.genome.org)
In this paper, the authors performed chromatin immunoprecipitation using antibodies to H3me3K27, H3me3K9, 5-methyl-cytosine, and POLR2A. And then they found that (1) the percentage of low expressed genes bound by POLR2A, H3me3K27, H3me3K9, or 5-methyl-cytosine is similar in all 12 cell types, regardless of differentiation or neoplastic state; (2) a gene is generally repressed by only one mechanism; and (3) distinct classes of genes are repressed by certain mechanisms
A Sweet New Role for EGFR ...in Cancer!
jerry submitted, created time 6 months 1 week (www.cancercell.org)
The epidermal growth factor (EGFR) has served as an attractive bull's-eye for targeted cancer therapies.
Although the importance of EGFR as an oncogenic tyrosine kinase seems well established, this issue of Cancer Cell adds a new wrinkle to the role of EGFR in cancer. They find that this new function does not require EGFR kinase activity.
In this study, the authors demonstrate that EGFR facilitates glucose transport into cells by associating with and stabilizing a sodium/glucose cotransporter (SGLT1)
p53 Activation: A Case against Sir
jerry submitted, created time 6 months 1 week (www.cancercell.org)
The p53 tumor suppressor is a critical transcription factor for controlling cell growth and apoptosis during times of cellular stress.
In this issue, the researchers screened small-molecule activators of p53 that could potentially reduce tumor growth Tenovin-6 was identified as a potent SIRT1 and SIRT2 inhibitor that indirectly activated p53 at single-digit micromolar concentrations.
The identification of a specific sirtuin inhibitor has broad implications in understanding sirtuin-p53 signaling and the development of novel chemotherapeutics
jerry submitted, created time 6 months 1 week (www.cancercell.org)
This paper adds a new dimension to the relationship between the ubiquitin-proteasome system and epigenetic regulation of transcription.
These studies elucidated a critical means of regulation for REST, with implications for neuronal stem cell differentiation and the dual roles of this protein as a tumor suppressor and oncogene. These findings and their significance are discussed herein.
sea-maid submitted, created time 6 months 3 days (www.pnas.org)
tRNA sequences can mediate the cis- and trans-splicing of mRNAs. From this study, we can see that the hybrid RNAs are spliced at the specific pretRNA splicing sites, releasing both functional tRNAs that suppress nonsense mutations and translatable mRNAs that activate the signal transduction pathway.
Mutations in the telomerase component NHP2 cause the premature aging syndrome dyskeratosis congenita
sea-maid submitted, created time 5 months 4 days (www.pnas.org)
Dyskeratosis congenita is a premature aging syndrome characterized by muco-cutaneous features and a range of other abnormalities, including early greying, dental loss, osteoporosis, and malignancy.
In this study, the author describe the analysis of two other proteins, NHP2 and GAR1, that together with dyskerin and NOP10 are key components of telomerase and small nucleolar ribonucleoprotein (snoRNP) complexes.
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