24 Articles with the topic: Neuroscience
Molecular Motor Tied to Memory
sea-maid submitted, created time 2 weeks 6 days (sciencenow.sciencemag.org)
How does the brain record a memory? Somehow our experiences and interactions can be imprinted in the mind, but exactly how neurons alter their connections to enable memory has been murky. Now a team of researchers out of Duke University say they have identified the molecular machinery that links experience with learning--and it all comes down to one microscopic motor. 
Ginkgo Biloba Does Not Reduce Dementia Risk, Study Shows
piggy submitted, created time 2 days 12 hours (www.sciencedaily.com)
The medicinal herb Ginkgo biloba does not reduce the risk of dementia or Alzheimer's disease development in either the healthy elderly or those with mild cognitive impairment, according to a large multicenter trial led by researchers at the University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine.
Findings from the Ginkgo Evaluation of Memory (GEM) Study, which is the first to have the necessary participant numbers and monitoring years to enable measurement of G. biloba's effectiveness and safety profile in dementia prevention, were just published in the Journal of the American Medical Association
Neurodegenerative disease: Giving survival a boost
sea-maid submitted, created time 2 days 11 hours (www.nature.com)
Although it is the selective death of motor neurons that ultimately causes the symptoms of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), the disease also renders other spinal cord cells, including astrocytes, dysfunctional. Maragakis and colleagues have now shown that the replacement of damaged astrocytes through precursor cell transplantation might be a useful therapeutic strategy for ALS.
The authors transplanted glial restricted precursors (GRPs) into the grey matter of the spinal cord in a transgenic rat model of ALS
Brain–machine interfaces: Back in control
sea-maid submitted, created time 2 days 11 hours (www.nature.com)
Spinal cord injury disrupts the pathway between brain and muscle, causing paralysis. One potential strategy for treatment is to use a brain–machine interface to route control signals from the brain directly to the muscles, bypassing the site of injury. For the first time, Moritz and colleagues have shown that an artificial device can compensate for paralysis in monkeys
Coaxing Injured Nerves to Regrow
piggy submitted, created time 2 weeks 14 hours (sciencenow.sciencemag.org)
The adult central nervous system has only a limited ability to repair itself. That's why spinal cord injuries leave people permanently paralyzed. Now a study with mice finds that removing a particular signaling molecule in adult neurons restores their ability to regenerate damaged axons, the long extensions that convey signals from one neuron to another. The find potentially paves the way for repairing spinal cords and other nervous system injuries
Social Interactions Can Alter Gene Expression in Brain, and Vice Versa
piggy submitted, created time 2 weeks 14 hours (www.sciencedaily.com)
ScienceDaily (Nov. 7, 2008) — Our DNA determines a lot about who we are and how we play with others, but recent studies of social animals (birds and bees, among others) show that the interaction between genes and behavior is more of a two-way street than most of us realize.
This is not a new idea to neuroscience, but one that is gaining strength, said University of Illinois entomology and neuroscience professor Gene Robinson, lead author of a review on the subject this week in the journal Science
Simple Brain Mechanisms Explain Arbitrary Human Visual Decisions
piggy submitted, created time 1 week 4 days (www.sciencedaily.com)
Mark Twain, a skeptic of the idea of free will, argues in his essay "What Is Man?" that humans do not command their minds or the opinions they form. "You did not form that [opinion]," a speaker identified as "old man" says in the essay. "Your [mental] machinery did it for you—automatically and instantly, without reflection or the need of it."
Twain's views get a boost this week from researchers at Washington University School of Medicine in St. Louis and University of Chieti, Italy
Strong Education Blunts Effects of Alzheimer's Disease, Study Suggests
piggy submitted, created time 1 week 3 days (www.sciencedaily.com)
A test that reveals brain changes believed to be at the heart of Alzheimer's disease has bolstered the theory that education can delay the onset of the dementia and cognitive decline that are characteristic of the disorder.
Scientists at the Alzheimer's Disease Research Center at Washington University School of Medicine in St. Louis found that some study participants who appeared to have the brain plaques long associated with Alzheimer's disease still received high scores on tests of their cognitive ability
Newborn Neurons in Adult Brain Can Settle in the Wrong Neighborhood
piggy submitted, created time 3 days 9 hours (www.sciencedaily.com)
In a study that could have significant consequences for neural tissue transplantation strategies, researchers at the Salk Institute for Biological Studies report that inactivating a specific gene in adult neural stem cells makes nerve cells emerging from those precursors form connections in the wrong part of the adult brain.
Researchers, led by Fred H. Gage, Ph.D
Enzyme Discovery May Lead to Better Heart and Stroke Treatments
piggy submitted, created time 1 day 9 hours (www.sciencedaily.com)
A Queen's University study sheds new light on the way one of our cell enzymes, implicated in causing tissue damage after heart attacks and strokes, is normally kept under control.
Led by Biochemistry professor Peter Davies, the research team's discovery will be useful in developing new drug treatments that can aid recovery in stroke and heart disease, as well as lessen the effects of Alzheimer's and other neurologically degenerative diseases
Beyond Recognizing Odors, Single Neuron Controls Reactions in Worms
piggy submitted, created time 2 weeks 4 days (www.sciencedaily.com)
ScienceDaily (Nov. 2, 2008) — Babies will smile when they catch the scent of vanilla, but a whiff of rotting meat will send them into fits. From people to mice and flies to worms, animals of all kinds are born with likes and dislikes thanks to the evolutionary wisdom collected in their genes. But new research shows that some preferences are still surprisingly flexible at even the most basic level — that of the sensory neuron itself — and that our nervous system may be even more adaptable than we thought
First Genetic Clue to Common Speech Disorder
piggy submitted, created time 2 weeks 14 hours (sciencenow.sciencemag.org)
Blonterstaping. Perplisteronk. Contramponist. People who have trouble remembering and repeating nonsense words like these have a common speech and language disorder called specific language impairment (SLI). Although SLI clearly runs in families, the genes responsible have been hard to pin down. Now, a group has found the first such gene, one that had been previously tied to a language disorder in autism
Bird Brains Split Lookout Duty
sea-maid submitted, created time 1 week 4 days (sciencenow.sciencemag.org)
What good is half a brain? Good enough for migratory birds to avoid predators when napping in the daytime. A new study finds that migrating birds take mini-naps during the day but only rest half their brains at a time, allowing them to keep one eye
Light Triggers New Code for Brain Cells
piggy submitted, created time 1 week 9 hours (www.sciencedaily.com)
Brain cells can adopt a new chemical code in response to cues from the outside world, scientists working with tadpoles at the University of California, San Diego report in the journal Nature.
The discovery opens the possibility that brain chemistry could be selectively altered by stimulating specific circuits to remedy low levels of neural chemicals that underlie some human ailments.
Dark tadpoles don pale camouflage when exposed to bright light
Alzheimer's Gene Slows Brain's Ability to Export Toxic Protein
piggy submitted, created time 1 week 9 hours (www.sciencedaily.com)
The only known genetic risk factor for Alzheimer's disease slows down the brain's ability to export a toxic protein known as amyloid-beta that is central to the damage the disease causes, scientists have found.
The research, published Nov. 13 by the Journal of Clinical Investigation, provides new clues into the workings of a protein known as apolipoprotein E4, or ApoE4. People who carry two copies of the gene have roughly eight to ten times the risk of getting Alzheimer's disease than people who do not
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