617 Articles with the topic: Neuroscience
Bulimia Tied to Brain Differences
sea-maid submitted, created time 1 day 9 hours (www.webmd.com)
Women with bulimia nervosa may be particularly impulsive because of their brain activity patterns, a new study shows.
The study, published in January's edition of the Archives of General Psychiatry, included twenty women with bulimia and twenty women without bulimia. The women's ages and BMI were similar in both groups.
Each woman had her brain scanned using functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) while she took a brain function test 
Collagen VI may help protect the brain from Alzheimer's disease
piggy submitted, created time 2 days 19 hours (www.eurekalert.org)
Scientists from the Gladstone Institute of Neurological Disease (GIND), UCSF, and Stanford have discovered that a certain type of collagen, collagen VI, protects brain cells against amyloid-beta (Aβ) proteins, which are widely thought to cause Alzheimer's disease (AD). While the functions of collagens in cartilage and muscle are well established, before this study it was unknown that collagen VI is made by neurons in the brain and that it can fulfill important neuroprotective functions
Bright lights, not-so-big pupils
piggy submitted, created time 6 days 7 hours (www.eurekalert.org)
A team of Johns Hopkins neuroscientists has worked out how some newly discovered light sensors in the eye detect light and communicate with the brain. The report appears online this week in Nature.
These light sensors are a small number of nerve cells in the retina that contain melanopsin molecules. Unlike conventional light-sensing cells in the retina—rods and cones—melanopsin-containing cells are not used for seeing images; instead, they monitor light levels to adjust the body's clock and control constriction of the pupils in the eye, among other functions
Is bismuth a safe medicine for the treatment of peptic ulcer disease?
sea-maid submitted, created time 1 week 1 day (www.eurekalert.org)
Bismuth compounds have been used for centuries in medicine. The discovery of H. pylori in 1983 led to renewed interest in bismuth compounds, because these were found to successfully treat the infection in combination with antibiotics. However, in the 1970s bismuth salts, used at high doses for prolonged periods, were found to lead to neurotoxicity. However, there has been no summary of evidence for the toxicity of bismuth when used for short periods as part of H. pylori eradication therapy and some researchers think it might have applications in treating ulcers.
Brain Birth Defects Successfully Reversed Through Stem Cell Therapy
piggy submitted, created time 1 week 2 days (www.sciencedaily.com)
Scientists at the Hebrew University of Jerusalem have succeeded in reversing brain birth defects in animal models, using stem cells to replace defective brain cells.
The work of Prof. Joseph Yanai and his associates at the Hebrew University-Hadassah Medical School was presented at the Tel Aviv Stem Cells Conference last spring and is expected to be presented and published nest year at the seventh annual meeting of the International Society for Stem Cell Research in Barcelona, Spain.
Involved in the project with Prof. Yanai are Prof
Brain starvation as we age appears to trigger Alzheimer's
sea-maid submitted, created time 1 week 4 days (esciencenews.com)
A slow, chronic starvation of the brain as we age appears to be one of the major triggers of a biochemical process that causes some forms of Alzheimer's disease. A new study from Northwestern University's Feinberg School of Medicine has found when the brain doesn't get enough sugar glucose -- as might occur when cardiovascular disease restricts blood flow in arteries to the brain -- a process is launched that ultimately produces the sticky clumps of protein that appear to be a cause of Alzheimer's.
piggy submitted, created time 2 weeks 21 hours (sciencenow.sciencemag.org)
Talk about Dr. Jekyll and Mr. Hyde. Misfolded proteins known as prions cause mad cow disease and other fatal neurodegenerative illnesses. But in their properly folded form, the proteins may be important to survival, helping mice and other animals keep their sniffing skills sharp, new research shows.
Prions get the bad reputation--and the lion's share of research attention--but interest in the normal form of prion proteins is increasing
Honey bees on cocaine dance more, changing ideas about the insect brain
piggy submitted, created time 2 weeks 2 days (www.eurekalert.org)
In a study that challenges current ideas about the insect brain, researchers have found that honey bees on cocaine tend to exaggerate.
Normally, foraging honey bees alert their comrades to potential food sources only when they've found high quality nectar or pollen, and only when the hive is in need. They do this by performing a dance, called a "round" or "waggle" dance, on a specialized "dance floor" in the hive. The dance gives specific instructions that help the other bees find the food
MRI Brain Scans Accurate in Early Diagnosis of Alzheimer's Disease
piggy submitted, created time 2 weeks 2 days (www.sciencedaily.com)
JOURNAL: ScienceDaily
DESCRIPTION: MRI scans that detect shrinkage in specific regions of the mid-brain attacked by Alzheimer’s disease accurately diagnose the neurodegenerative disease, even before symptoms interfere with daily function, a study by the Florida Alzheimer’s Disease Research Center (ADRC) in Miami and Tampa found.
The study, reported earlier this month in the journal Neurology, adds to a growing body of evidence indicating MRI brain scans provide valuable diagnostic information about Alzheimer’s disease
Persistent Imminent Orgasms in Women Are Associated with Restless Legs
sea-maid submitted, created time 3 weeks 1 day (www.sciencedaily.com)
Persistent imminent orgasms in women are associated with restless legs and overactive bladder. This is the result of research by the Utrecht University and The Hague’s HagaHospital. Neuropsychiatrist Dr. Marcel Waldinger and his colleagues studied eighteen Dutch women with Persistent Sexual Arousal Syndrome (PSAS) and recently published their results in the Journal of Sexual Medicine.
In the brain, justice is served from many parts
sea-maid submitted, created time 3 weeks 3 days (www.sciencenews.org)
Making decisions about crime and punishment is, it turns out, as complicated as a legal brief. For the first time, scientists have peered into the brains of people who are deciding whether a crime deserves punishment and how severe the penalty should be.
Those decisions involve parts of the brain associated with rational thought, but emotion-processing regions weigh in too, a team of law and neuroscience researchers from Vanderbilt University in Nashville, Tenn., show in a new study in the Dec. 11 Neuron
Sugar Can Be Addictive: Animal Studies Show Sugar Dependence
piggy submitted, created time 4 weeks 11 hours (www.sciencedaily.com)
A Princeton University scientist will present new evidence today demonstrating that sugar can be an addictive substance, wielding its power over the brains of lab animals in a manner similar to many drugs of abuse.
Professor Bart Hoebel and his team in the Department of Psychology and the Princeton Neuroscience Institute have been studying signs of sugar addiction in rats for years. Until now, the rats under study have met two of the three elements of addiction. They have demonstrated a behavioral pattern of increased intake and then showed signs of withdrawal
Pavlov's Neurons: Brain Cells That Are a Key to Learning Discovered
piggy submitted, created time 4 weeks 2 days (www.sciencedaily.com)
More than a century after Ivan Pavlov's dog was conditioned to salivate when it heard the sound of a tone prior to receiving food, scientists have found neurons that are critical to how people and animals learn from experience.
Using a new imaging technique called Arc catFISH, researchers from the University of Washington have visualized individual neurons in the amygdalas of rat brains that are activated when the animals are given an associative learning task
New Antipsychotics Offer No Advantage
sea-maid submitted, created time 1 month 2 days (www.pharmalot.com)
The common distinction between first- and second-generation antipsychotics has no scientific basis and should be dropped, according to a paper in Lancet. A meta-analysis of 150 double-blind studies found little evidence that newer, so-called atypical antipsychotics are more effective than older drugs for symptoms of schizophrenia, MedPage Today writes.
First "placebo gene" discovered
merry submitted, created time 1 month 2 days (www.newscientist.com)
For the first time, a gene is being linked to increased susceptibility to the placebo effect – the mysterious capacity some people have to benefit from sham treatments. The participants in one small study were told that they were being given anxiety medicine. Many of the participants' anxiety levels remained the same, but ten people improved dramatically, when tested, it was found that production of certain precursors to seratonin had increased.
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