183 Articles with the topic: Neuroscience
Stomach hormone turns hungry people into junkies
sea-maid submitted, created time 6 months 2 weeks (www.newscientist.com)
In this paper ,the researchers point out that stomach hormone turns hungry people into junkies.When volunteers received a dose of a natural hunger-inducing hormone called ghrelin, their brains responded to pictures of food in the same way that addicted people's brains do to cigarettes or drugs, says Alain Dagher, a neurologist at McGill University in Montreal, Canada, who led the study.
And the study also tell us that hormone has its stimulant effects and Memory improvement,mood changes. 
Drinking and the Shrinking Brain
sea-maid submitted, created time 1 month 6 days (voices.washingtonpost.com)
Some researchers went looking for evidence that low to moderate alcohol consumption could stave off brain problems. That is not what they found.
Nobody wants to think about their brain's shrinking. But our brains do so as we
age, by about two percent every ten year. According to a new article in the Annals of Neurology, that figure is higher for people who drink.
The authors request that people remember that the correlation that was found is between drinking and decreases in brain size, not brain function.
"Suicide victims" brains bear chemical scars of child abuse
kavin submitted, created time 6 months 2 weeks (www.sciencenews.org)
The study is the first to implicate faulty protein production with child abuse and suicide. The researchers find that child abuse can leave lasting scars on its victims, both physical and psychological. It may also leave chemical marks in the brains of its victims who will later kill themselves. In the brains of suicide victims, early abuse marks genes that encode ribosomal RNA, key gears in the cellular machinery that makes proteins.
A structural–functional basis for dyslexia in the cortex of Chinese readers
sea-maid submitted, created time 6 months 6 days (www.pnas.org)
This study tell us that the scientists have found different structural and functional abnormalities in dyslexic readers of Chinese, a nonalphabetic language. Compared with normally developing controls, children with impaired reading in logographic Chinese exhibited reduced gray matter volume in a left middle frontal gyrus region previously shown to be important for Chinese reading and writing.
sea-maid submitted, created time 6 months 5 days (www.cell.com)
With regards to the survival of motor neurons (SMN), certain proteins are essential for the biogenesis of small nuclear RNA (snRNA)-ribonucleoproteins (snRNPs), the major components of the pre-mRNA splicing machinery.
This article suggests that SMN deficiency causes tissue-specific perturbations in the repertoire of snRNAs and widespread defects in splicing.
Therapeutic application of histone deacetylase inhibitors for central nervous system disorders
sea-maid submitted, created time 1 month 2 days (www.nature.com)
Histone deacetylases (HDACs) — enzymes that affect the acetylation status of histones and other important cellular proteins — have been recognized as potentially useful therapeutic targets for a broad range of human disorders. Pharmacological manipulations using small-molecule HDAC inhibitors — which may restore transcriptional balance to neurons, modulate cytoskeletal function, affect immune responses and enhance protein degradation pathways — have been beneficial in various experimental models of brain diseases
Molecular Motor Tied to Memory
sea-maid submitted, created time 2 weeks 6 days (sciencenow.sciencemag.org)
How does the brain record a memory? Somehow our experiences and interactions can be imprinted in the mind, but exactly how neurons alter their connections to enable memory has been murky. Now a team of researchers out of Duke University say they have identified the molecular machinery that links experience with learning--and it all comes down to one microscopic motor.
Ginkgo Biloba Does Not Reduce Dementia Risk, Study Shows
piggy submitted, created time 2 days 12 hours (www.sciencedaily.com)
The medicinal herb Ginkgo biloba does not reduce the risk of dementia or Alzheimer's disease development in either the healthy elderly or those with mild cognitive impairment, according to a large multicenter trial led by researchers at the University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine.
Findings from the Ginkgo Evaluation of Memory (GEM) Study, which is the first to have the necessary participant numbers and monitoring years to enable measurement of G. biloba's effectiveness and safety profile in dementia prevention, were just published in the Journal of the American Medical Association
Neurodegenerative disease: Giving survival a boost
sea-maid submitted, created time 2 days 11 hours (www.nature.com)
Although it is the selective death of motor neurons that ultimately causes the symptoms of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), the disease also renders other spinal cord cells, including astrocytes, dysfunctional. Maragakis and colleagues have now shown that the replacement of damaged astrocytes through precursor cell transplantation might be a useful therapeutic strategy for ALS.
The authors transplanted glial restricted precursors (GRPs) into the grey matter of the spinal cord in a transgenic rat model of ALS
Brain–machine interfaces: Back in control
sea-maid submitted, created time 2 days 11 hours (www.nature.com)
Spinal cord injury disrupts the pathway between brain and muscle, causing paralysis. One potential strategy for treatment is to use a brain–machine interface to route control signals from the brain directly to the muscles, bypassing the site of injury. For the first time, Moritz and colleagues have shown that an artificial device can compensate for paralysis in monkeys
Algal protein causes blind mice to react to light
Darkfrog submitted, created time 6 months 3 weeks (www.nature.com)
Blind mice have been made to react to light in the lab. Scientists have used a protein found in algae to make little systems that react to light. When properly attached, these proteins can switch neurons on and off almost like natural photoreceptors do. It's not too clear how well the mice can actually see, but they can now tell the difference between "lights on" and "lights off." The scientists suppose, too, that the mice can only see in black and white
Sixty-four cases of measels in the U.S., all but one in unvaccinated patients
Darkfrog submitted, created time 6 months 2 weeks (www.nytimes.com)
Measels is on the rise in the U.S. There have been sixty-four cases this year alone. Only one of these patients can be shown to have had the vaccine. There have been no fatalities so far.
Sixteen of these children are from families who declined vaccination for religious or other resasons, including fear of autism
Rebellious Teen? A Brain Area May Hold the Key
sea-maid submitted, created time 6 months 2 days (abcnews.go.com)
Child development experts are scrutinizing a new study that suggests the size of small, almond-shaped structures in the center of the brain known as the amygdalae may hold the key to how aggressive teens behave toward their parents. But researchers at the University of Melbourne's Orygen Research Center in Australia report that these areas of the brain may have a special link when it comes to teens who regularly fight with their parents.
jerry submitted, created time 5 months 11 hours (www.sciencedirect.com)
Emotion plays a critical role in many contemporary accounts of decision making, but exactly what underlies its influence and how this is mediated in the brain remain far from clear. Here, researchers review behavioral studies that suggest that Pavlovian processes can exert an important influence over choice and may account for many effects that have traditionally been attributed to emotion...
Coaxing Injured Nerves to Regrow
piggy submitted, created time 2 weeks 14 hours (sciencenow.sciencemag.org)
The adult central nervous system has only a limited ability to repair itself. That's why spinal cord injuries leave people permanently paralyzed. Now a study with mice finds that removing a particular signaling molecule in adult neurons restores their ability to regenerate damaged axons, the long extensions that convey signals from one neuron to another. The find potentially paves the way for repairing spinal cords and other nervous system injuries
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